Figure 1 : Site precinct garden not maintained ............................................................................................32 Figure 4 : Top soil properly covered .........................................................................................................32 Figure 5 : Waste bins well maintained emptied ............................................................................................33 Figure 6 : Lay down area properly maintained .............................................................................................33 Figure 7 : Building Rubble waste not in skip or properly stored .................................................................... 34 Figure 8 : BESS entrance gate not installed ................................................................................................34 Figure 9 : Storm water pit not demarcated .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Figure 1: Performance map comparing Li-ion chemistries 20 Figure 2: Components of a BESS 28 Figure 3: Energy Storage Installations Predictions (GW installed) 33 Figure 4: Global gross energy storage installations, 2015 - 2030 33 Figure 5: Electricity system flexibility by source in the NZE 34 Figure 6: Energy storage market share until 2030 34 Figure 7: Projections for demand for battery materials (million metric tons ) 35 Figure 8: Stand-alone, AC耦合和DC耦合配置22 39图9:20 MW/ 80 MWH的2019-2030的成本分解和预测,图10:2021-2030图10:2021-2030 20 MW/ 80 MWH项目44图44图11:BESS成本估算2021-2050 2021-2050 2021-2050 2021-2050级别46图1221-12:BESS成本46:BESS ESTIDES 46:BESS ESTITION 46 EFEST 2021-20:BESS ESTIST 20220:BESS ESTITION 20220:BESS ESTIST 20220:BESS ESTITION 20220: estimations 2021-2050 for 2 h battery systems 47 Figure 14: Primary Energy Deficit (MTOE) 49 Figure 15: Independence rate (%) 49 Figure 16: Progress of the energy deficit 2010-2021 50 Figure 17 The impact of Covid on Tunisian load Curve 2020 Vs 2019 50 Figure 18: Algerian Gas tax package (ktep-pci) Year 2020-2022 52 Figure 19: Generated Power (GWh) by power plant 52 Figure 20: Electricity generation by type production 53 Figure 21: Electricity Grid: Distribution Network 54 Figure 22: Map of Transmission lines, Power Plants, and Substations 55 Figure 23: Technical framework for renewables power plants 59 Figure 24: PV Plant-BESS system 63 Figure 25: Load curve with BESS integration 65 Figure 26: North Africa Electrical Interconnection 66 Figure 27: TERNA procedure flow chart 80 Figure 28: Typical construction schedule 81 Figure 29: Grid连接流程图83图30:英国允许过程的流程图85表
Figure 1: DA14695 SmartBond module DB...............................................................................4 Figure 2: DA14695 SmartBond module DEVKIT........................................................................5 Figure 3: Component description – top side ..............................................................................6 Figure 4: Component description – bottom侧面............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... button on DA14695 SmartBond module DB........................................................9 Figure 9: General purpose LED on DA14695 SmartBond module DB ......................................... 10 Figure 10: CIB (JTAG/UART interface) connector (J4) ............................................................. 10 Figure 11: Schematic of DA14695 SmartBond module DB [331-39-B], Page 1 ............................. 11 Figure 12: Schematic of DA14695 SmartBond module DB [331-39-B], Page 2 ............................. 12 Figure 13: Components on top/bottom side for DA14695 SmartBond module DB [331-39-B].......... 13
Figure 4.5 Transport fuel price comparison for selected countries, 2020 ...................65 Figure 5.1 Moldova's electricity supply, 2010-2020 ....................................................72 Figure 5.2 Electricity supply by source, 2010-2020 .....................................................72 Figure 5.3 Electricity generation by source, 2020 .......................................................73 Figure 5.4 Electricity generation by source in selected countries, 2020 .....................74 Figure 5.5 Electricity consumption by sector, 2010-2020............................................75 Figure 5.6 Moldova's monthly electricity supply, January 2015-December 2021 .......76 Figure 5.7 Residential electricity prices in selected countries, 2020 ...........................77 Figure 5.8 Moldova's electricity market .......................................................................78 Figure 5.9 High voltage transmission grid in Moldova .................................................88 Figure 6.1 District heat generation by source, 2010-2020 ..........................................98 Figure 6.2 District heat consumption by sector, 2010-2020 ........................................99 Figure 7.1 Moldova's greenhouse gas emissions by sector, 1990-2019 ................. 110 Figure 7.2 Moldova's CO 2燃料燃烧的排放,1990 - 2020年。摩尔多瓦的能耗和驱动因素,2010-2020 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Energy intensity per GDP (TFC/GDP) and energy consumption per capita (TFC/CAP) in Moldova and selected countries, 2019 ............................. 127 Figure 8.3.Moldova's final consumption by sector, 2010-2020 ................................ 128 Figure 8.4.111 Figure 7.3 Energy-related CO 2 emissions and main drivers in Moldova, 2010-2020 ............................................................................................... 112 Figure 7.4 CO 2 intensity in the Republic of Moldova and selected countries, 2019 ................................................................................................... 112 Figure 7.5 CO 2 intensity in the Republic of Moldova and selected countries, 2010-2019 ............................................................................................... 113 Figure 7.6 CO 2 intensity of power and heat generation in the Republic of Moldova and selected countries, 2010-2019 ......................................................... 113 Figure 8.1.tfc在摩尔多瓦的住宅领域,划分为2010-2020 .....................................................................................................................................................图8.5。在2019年住宅领域中TFC的细分...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................tfc在摩尔多瓦运输部门中,划分为2010-2020 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 130图8.7。tfc在摩尔多瓦行业领域,划分为2010-2020 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 130图8.8。制造业行业中的能源消耗,2020 ......... 131图8.9。TFC in Moldova's commercial and public services sector by source, 2010-2020 ................................................................................................ 131 Figure 9.1 Share of renewable energy in Moldova's energy system, 2010-2020 .... 148 Figure 9.2 Renewable energy in Moldova's TES, 2010-2020 .................................. 149 Figure 9.3 Renewable energy in Moldova's electricity generation, 2010-2020 ........ 150 Figure 9.4 Installed renewable capacity in Moldova, 2020....................................... 151 Figure 9.5 Renewable energy share of TES in selected countries, 2019 ................ 151 Figure 9.6 Renewable energy share in electricity generation in selected countries, 2020 .......................................................................................................... 152 Figure 9.7 Support schemes for RES-electricity....................................................... 154 Figure 10.1 Funds allocated from the National Program 2020-2023 to strategic priority III “Environment and Climate Change” ................................................... 170 Tables
AI2ES 可信人工智能方法将直接解决 ES 数据带来的主要科学挑战 [4]。例如,在预测龙卷风时,人工智能方法正确处理异构、多尺度、时空数据至关重要。大多数人工智能方法假设样本是独立且相同分布的,但这不适用于 ES 数据。压力、温度或风等基本场具有高度的时空自相关性。龙卷风需要多尺度时空因素的融合 [6, 1, 11]。此外,多尺度因素会影响强风暴的背景概率和龙卷风的强度,例如急流的位置会影响大规模龙卷风爆发的概率 [10, 8, 5]。天气也是非线性和混乱的 [7],这给人工智能带来了另一个挑战。训练人工智能应对高影响天气也可以
摘要 — 本文提出了一种基于宽带隙 RF 技术设计低噪声放大器的原创方法。这些 LNA 能够承受高电磁信号(如电子战中使用的信号),同时提供高探测率。该研究介绍了基于相同策略的单级 LNA 和两级 LNA 的原始设计程序。这些自重构 LNA 可以从高探测率模式(低 NF)切换到高线性模式(高输入压缩模式 IP 1dB )。该设计策略与稳健的 LNA 设计进行了比较,后者使用更大的晶体管尺寸来提高线性度,但代价是 NF 略有下降。在放大器输入端,RF 步进应力结果已达到 30 dBm,没有任何破坏,并提供稳定的 S 参数和噪声系数。
图1.1:dagens私人klimafotavtrykk for norge。............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ x Figur 1.3: Beregnet 1,5-graders scenario .......................................................................................................................... xiii Figure 3.1: Current Norwegian lifestyle carbon footprint ................................................................................................. 7 Figure 3.2: Shares of the carbon footprint and of physical consumption for personal transport............................. 8 Figure 3.3: Shares of the carbon footprint and physical consumption for nutrition ................................................ 10 Figure 3.4: Shares of the carbon footprint and of physical consumption for consumer goods .............................. 11 Figure 3.5: Shares of the carbon footprint and of physical consumption for housing ............................................. 12 Figure 3.7: Shares of the carbon footprint and of physical consumption for services............................................. 15 Figure 3.8: Lifestyle carbon footprints of an average and a high-consumption lifestyle ......................................... 17 Figure 4.1: Estimated per capita carbon footprint reduction impacts of low-carbon lifestyle options................. 22 Figure 4.2: Carbon footprint emissions (kgCO 2 e/30m 2 ) prevented with the selected options*........................... 25 Figure 5.1: Estimated 1.5°C scenario for current lifestyle carbon footprint ............................................................... 36 Figure 5.2: Estimated 2°C scenario for current lifestyle carbon footprint ................................................................. 37
Figure 2-1 Location Map of Moonie Field .............................................................................................. 5 Figure 2-2 Map of Lot and Plan Numbers for PL1 Moonie ...................................................................... 6 Figure 2-3 Aerial Photo of the Moonie Field and the location of Moonie 27 .......................................... 7 Figure 2-4 The Moonie Oil Field Map with the location of Moonie 27突出显示。................................ 8 Figure 2-5 The density of Resource Activities in proximity to Moonie Oil Field .................................... 10 Figure 2-6 Moonie Oil Field Production versus water production overtime ......................................... 17 Figure 2-7 The location of producing/monitoring wells at Moonie (green highlight) ............................ 19
Figure 1: Depiction of a sodium chloride (NaCl) compound (rock salt)......................................................16 Figure 2: Annual chloride contributions from major sources in the State of Minnesota...........................16 Figure 3: Water and teaspoon salt...................................................................................................................18 Figure 4: Chloride levels in streams (left) and lakes (right) in Minnesota and Wisconsin.........................18 Figure 5: Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality, USGS, n.d.a...............................................................19 Figure 6: Estimates of costs in dollars per tons for damage caused by road salt (Fortin, 2014).............20 Figure 7: Salt damaged guardrail.....................................................................................................................20 Figure 8: How salts form chemical cocktails Kaushal et Al.
图1。Example Energy Storage System Application for Capacity Deferral .............................6 Figure 2.Energy Storage System Sizing for Reliability Enhancement .......................................10 Figure 3.Energy Storage System Application for Photovoltaic Smoothing ................................12 Figure 4.Energy Storage System Application for Backfeed Prevention.....................................14 Figure 5.Networked Sub-transmission System Serving Six Loads ...........................................16 Figure 6.使用储能系统用于N-1拥塞浮雕的演示................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18图7。Overall Screening and Transmission System Evaluation Process ..............................25 Figure 8.Overall Screening and Distribution System Evaluation Process .................................25 Figure 9.Screening Process: Infrastructure and Capacity Support ...........................................27 Figure 10.Two-Stage Screening Process: Reliability Enhancement .........................................28 Figure 11.Energy Storage System Located Where Overloaded Section Ends (Downstream of SUB) ....................................................................................................34 Figure 12.储能系统位于超载部分的下游........ 35图13。Energy Storage System Located Close to the Heavily Loaded Feeder Section/Branch ..............................................................................................................35 Figure 14.储能系统容量估计(Megawatt和Megawatt-Hour) - 图形过程............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37图15.线段在馈线的中间经历多次停电...... 38图16。线段在馈线头部经历多次断电..... 38图17。子传输径向线部分经历多次停电.......... 39图18。Energy Storage System Located at the Targeted Feeder Section ............................39 Figure 19.储能系统尺寸(红色条)用于可靠性增强....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40图20.Energy Storage System Sizing for Renewable Integration .......................................41 Figure 21.Day-Ahead Energy Market Participation ...................................................................45 Figure 22.Reliability and Market Participation...........................................................................46 Figure 23.Market Benefit of Energy Storage System ................................................................50 Figure 24.Various Revenue Streams of Energy Storage System .............................................50 Figure 25.BR 4091 Time-Series with and without Data Cleaning .............................................55 Figure 26.Selected Feeders (Values in MW)—Tier 3 in 2023 (Peak > 100% of Normal Rating) a .............................................................................................................56 Figure 27.Hourly Load Profiles for Feeder NC_8051 ................................................................57 Figure 28.小时NC_8051超过设计等级...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................与传输和分配升级成本相比,前期储能系统安装的收入要求........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60图30。与传输和分销升级成本相比单线图中的馈线WS-3012表示............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63图32。Peak-Day Load in 2018 ............................................................................................64 Figure 33.Energy Storage System Energy Requirement on Peak Day .....................................64 Figure 34.与传输和分销升级成本相比,前期储能系统安装的收入要求............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65