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（IRSME）沙地隧道周围的土拱和地面变形：回顾和新见解 Ghorban Khandouzi 1 和 Mohammad Hossein Khos
工程结构中使用的粒状材料在不同的岩土因素下往往会发生拱形。拱形是这些结构中载荷从破坏区转移到稳定区域的一个因素。土拱在隧道施工中应力重新分布、沉降和支撑载荷方面起着重要作用。本文回顾了各种参数对土拱发展和隧道周围膨胀和收缩区形成的影响。进行了全面的文献综述、新发表论文分析和调查，以研究各种参数对土拱的影响。通过研究剪切带、变形区的形成及其发展获得了结果。调查结果表明，沙地隧道周围的土拱和地面变形是复杂的现象，在隧道施工期间需要仔细考虑。此外，结果还表明，尽管存在拱形区，但在隧道上方仍形成了一个具有非线性滑动面的松动区。随着隧道收敛的开始，出现初始非线性滑动面，并在隧道上方形成拱形区。当隧道收敛增加时，拱区内会形成稳定拱，稳定拱下会形成一个松动区，即应力减小区。了解沙地隧道周围拱区内形成的土拱、地面变形和稳定拱对于评估隧道支撑上的应力重新分布和负载的工程师非常重要。了解这些问题还可以帮助设计师和从业者在隧道施工期间做出明智的决策。
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