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在宾夕法尼亚州最高法院
Ayalav。Bd。 酒吧。 教育。 , 305 A.2d 877 (Pa. 1973) ...................................... 15, 16 Boiter v. Dep't of Transp. , 712 S.E.2d 401 (S.C. 2011) ........................................25 Buford v. United States , 532 U.S. 59 (2001) .........................................................11 Bugosh v. I.U. N。 AM。，Inc.，971 A.2d 1228（Pa。2009）................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Cargill的房地产诉Rochester诉Rochester，406 A.2d 704（N.H. 1979） ，403 so.2d 379（fl。 1981) ................................ 20, 24 Chambersburg Borough v. PLRB , 139 A.3d 189 (Pa. 2016) .................................. 9 Commonwealth v. Thompson , 985 A.2d 928 (Pa. 2009) ......................................... 6 Commonwealth v. Tilghman , 673 A.2d 898 (Pa. 1996) .........................................10 Degliomini v. ESM Prods., Inc. , 253 A.3d 226 (Pa. 2021) ....................................16 Finn v. City of Philadelphia , 664 A.2d 1342 (Pa. 1995) ........................................18 Freach v. Commonwealth , 370 A.2d 1163 (Pa. 1977) ...........................................15 Gamble v. United States , 587 U.S. 678 (2019) ....................................................... 5 Griffin v. SEPTA , 757 A.2d 448 (Pa. Commw. ct。 2000) ................................ 14, 19 Hallett v. Town of Wrentham , 499 N.E.2d 1189 (Mass. 1986) ..............................24 Heller v. Frankston , 464 A.2d 581 (Pa. Commw. ＆Univ。 3：03-CV-02377（M.D. sch。Ayalav。Bd。酒吧。教育。, 305 A.2d 877 (Pa. 1973) ...................................... 15, 16 Boiter v. Dep't of Transp., 712 S.E.2d 401 (S.C. 2011) ........................................25 Buford v. United States , 532 U.S. 59 (2001) .........................................................11 Bugosh v. I.U.N。AM。，Inc.，971 A.2d 1228（Pa。2009）................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Cargill的房地产诉Rochester诉Rochester，406 A.2d 704（N.H. 1979） ，403 so.2d 379（fl。 1981) ................................ 20, 24 Chambersburg Borough v. PLRB , 139 A.3d 189 (Pa. 2016) .................................. 9 Commonwealth v. Thompson , 985 A.2d 928 (Pa. 2009) ......................................... 6 Commonwealth v. Tilghman , 673 A.2d 898 (Pa. 1996) .........................................10 Degliomini v. ESM Prods., Inc. , 253 A.3d 226 (Pa. 2021) ....................................16 Finn v. City of Philadelphia , 664 A.2d 1342 (Pa. 1995) ........................................18 Freach v. Commonwealth , 370 A.2d 1163 (Pa. 1977) ...........................................15 Gamble v. United States , 587 U.S. 678 (2019) ....................................................... 5 Griffin v. SEPTA , 757 A.2d 448 (Pa. Commw. ct。 2000) ................................ 14, 19 Hallett v. Town of Wrentham , 499 N.E.2d 1189 (Mass. 1986) ..............................24 Heller v. Frankston , 464 A.2d 581 (Pa. Commw. ＆Univ。 3：03-CV-02377（M.D. sch。AM。，Inc.，971 A.2d 1228（Pa。2009）................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Cargill的房地产诉Rochester诉Rochester，406 A.2d 704（N.H. 1979） ，403 so.2d 379（fl。1981) ................................ 20, 24 Chambersburg Borough v. PLRB , 139 A.3d 189 (Pa. 2016) .................................. 9 Commonwealth v. Thompson , 985 A.2d 928 (Pa. 2009) ......................................... 6 Commonwealth v. Tilghman , 673 A.2d 898 (Pa. 1996) .........................................10 Degliomini v. ESM Prods., Inc. , 253 A.3d 226 (Pa. 2021) ....................................16 Finn v. City of Philadelphia , 664 A.2d 1342 (Pa. 1995) ........................................18 Freach v. Commonwealth , 370 A.2d 1163 (Pa. 1977) ...........................................15 Gamble v. United States , 587 U.S. 678 (2019) ....................................................... 5 Griffin v. SEPTA , 757 A.2d 448 (Pa. Commw.ct。 2000) ................................ 14, 19 Hallett v. Town of Wrentham , 499 N.E.2d 1189 (Mass.1986) ..............................24 Heller v. Frankston , 464 A.2d 581 (Pa. Commw.＆Univ。3：03-CV-02377（M.D.sch。ct。 1983) ..................................32 Howlett By & Through Howlett v. Rose , 496 U.S. 356 (1990) ..............................29 Jones v. SEPTA , 772 A.2d 435 (Pa. 2001) ............................................................17 Kapil v. Ass'n of Pa. State Coll.教职员工，470 A.2d 482（Pa。1985）....... 16 Katz诉Westfall Township，案号Pa。2009）..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... dist。 编号 44 v.Aamodt，908 N.W. 2d 442（N.D. 2018）........... 23 Lyles诉费城市，490 A.2d 936（Pa。Commw。 ct。 1985) ....................18 Lyles v. PennDOT , 516 A.2d 701 (Pa. 1986)................................................... 18, 19 Mayle v. Pa. Dep't of Highways , 388 A.2d 709 (Pa. 1978) ...................................16 Meech v. Hillhaven West, Inc. , 776 P.2d 488 (Mont. 1989）..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Grant Co. , 416 U.S. 600 (1974) ................................................... 6 Mobil Oil Corp. v. Nw. Agency, Inc. , 415 A.2d 36 (Pa. 1980) ...............................10 Packard v. Joint Sch. dist。 编号 171，661 P.2d 770（爱达荷州CT。App。 1983）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ of Phila ., 394 A.2d 932 (Pa. 1978).............................32 PennDOT v. Consol. Rail Corp.，519 A.2d 1058（Pa。Commw。 ct。 1986）..................................................................................诉State，713 P.2d 495（Mont。） 1985) .............................................................25 Rich v. Acrivos , 815 A.2d 1106 (Pa. Super.Pa。2009）.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................dist。编号44 v.Aamodt，908 N.W. 2d 442（N.D. 2018）........... 23 Lyles诉费城市，490 A.2d 936（Pa。Commw。 ct。 1985) ....................18 Lyles v. PennDOT , 516 A.2d 701 (Pa. 1986)................................................... 18, 19 Mayle v. Pa. Dep't of Highways , 388 A.2d 709 (Pa. 1978) ...................................16 Meech v. Hillhaven West, Inc. , 776 P.2d 488 (Mont. 1989）..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Grant Co. , 416 U.S. 600 (1974) ................................................... 6 Mobil Oil Corp. v. Nw. Agency, Inc. , 415 A.2d 36 (Pa. 1980) ...............................10 Packard v. Joint Sch. dist。 编号 171，661 P.2d 770（爱达荷州CT。App。 1983）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ of Phila ., 394 A.2d 932 (Pa. 1978).............................32 PennDOT v. Consol. Rail Corp.，519 A.2d 1058（Pa。Commw。 ct。 1986）..................................................................................诉State，713 P.2d 495（Mont。） 1985) .............................................................25 Rich v. Acrivos , 815 A.2d 1106 (Pa. Super.44 v.Aamodt，908 N.W. 2d 442（N.D. 2018）........... 23 Lyles诉费城市，490 A.2d 936（Pa。Commw。ct。 1985) ....................18 Lyles v. PennDOT , 516 A.2d 701 (Pa. 1986)................................................... 18, 19 Mayle v. Pa. Dep't of Highways , 388 A.2d 709 (Pa. 1978) ...................................16 Meech v. Hillhaven West, Inc. , 776 P.2d 488 (Mont.1989）.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Grant Co. , 416 U.S. 600 (1974) ................................................... 6 Mobil Oil Corp. v. Nw.Agency, Inc. , 415 A.2d 36 (Pa. 1980) ...............................10 Packard v. Joint Sch.dist。编号171，661 P.2d 770（爱达荷州CT。App。1983）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ of Phila ., 394 A.2d 932 (Pa. 1978).............................32 PennDOT v. Consol. Rail Corp.，519 A.2d 1058（Pa。Commw。 ct。 1986）..................................................................................诉State，713 P.2d 495（Mont。） 1985) .............................................................25 Rich v. Acrivos , 815 A.2d 1106 (Pa. Super.1983）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................of Phila ., 394 A.2d 932 (Pa. 1978).............................32 PennDOT v. Consol.Rail Corp.，519 A.2d 1058（Pa。Commw。ct。 1986）..................................................................................诉State，713 P.2d 495（Mont。1985) .............................................................25 Rich v. Acrivos , 815 A.2d 1106 (Pa. Super.ct。 2003）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
美国最高法院
WL 1547779（新墨西哥州刑事上诉法院，2018 年 3 月 30 日）..................................... 1、3、27-28 美国诉亨尼斯案，75 MJ 796（美国最高法院刑事上诉法院，2016 年）..................................... 1、23 美国诉莱马斯特斯案，第 20111143 号，2013 WL 6913001（美国最高法院刑事上诉法院，2013 年 12 月 31 日）............................................. 11-12 美国诉威廉姆斯案，第 201200248 号，2013 WL 1808733（新墨西哥州刑事上诉法院，2013 年 4 月 30 日）............................................. 13 韦伯诉美国案，67 MJ 765 (AF Ct. Crim. App. 2009) .............................................. 24 其他法院案件 Batts v. Commonwealth , 515 SE2d 307 (Va. Ct. App. 1999) .............................................. 13 Tillery v. Shartle , No. CV 16-0204-TUC-CKJ (LAB), 2016 WL 7229139 (D. Ariz. Dec. 14, 2016) ............................................. 20 United States v. Snell , 592 F.2d 1083 (9th Cir. 1979) ............................................. 21 联邦法规 10 USC § 688 (2012) ............................................. 23 10 USC § 802 (2012) ............................................. 2, 3, 23-24 10 USC § 803 (2012) .............................................. 2 10 USC § 816 (2012) .............................................. 8 10 USC § 818 (2012) .............................................. 8, 15 10 USC § 822 (2012) .............................................. 5 10 USC § 825 (2012) .............................................. 2, 10 10 USC § 833 (2012) .............................................. 18 10 USC § 844 (2012) .............................................. 18 10 USC § 852 (2012) .............................................. 2, 8-9, 13 10 USC § 856 (2012) .............................................. 15 10 USC § 867 （2012 年） ................................................ 1 10 USC § 870 （2012 年） .............................................. 1 10 USC § 906 （2012 年） .............................................. 8
在华盛顿州最高法院......
18. 高级案件编号 1-2-16429-5 SEA, 2005 WL 3974988 2005 年 2 月 3 日，在“证明损害赔偿的法律要求”下，第 3 页，第 2 段和第 4 段引用 Larsen v. Union Inv. Loan Co., 168 Wash. 5, 11(1932) 引用美国最高法院 Storey Parchment Co. v. Peterson Parchment Paper CO., 282 US 555, 75 L. Ed. 544 16
科罗拉多州最高法院
1 本意见重点关注科罗拉多州的政治细分原则，不涉及该原则的联邦版本。科罗拉多州的判例法以多种方式引用了此处描述的原则。参见，例如，Aurora Pub. Sch. v. AS, 2023 CO 39, ¶ 32, 531 P.3d 1036, 1045（“政治细分原则”）；Aurora Urb. Renewal Auth. v. Kaiser, 2022 COA 5, ¶ 35, 507 P.3d 1033, 1041（“政治细分地位原则”）；Romer v. Bd. of Cnty。 Comm'rs，956 P.2d 566, 573 (Colo. 1998)（“马丁规则”（引用 Maurer v. Young Life，779 P.2d 1317, 1323 (Colo. 1989)））；City of Greenwood Vill. v. Petitioners for Proposed City of Centennial，3 P.3d 427, 436 (Colo. 2000)（描述该原则但未提供标签）。在本意见中，我们交替使用“政治细分原则”和“马丁规则”这两个术语。
总统和最高法院：宪法......
简介 1978 年第二部共和宪法引入了总统职位，赋予总统相当大的权力，这些权力主要在宪法第七章中列举。总统职位所拥有的权力是如此之大，以至于时任总统 JR Jayewardene 曾宣称，作为总统，他唯一不能做的事情就是把男人变成女人，反之亦然。1 尽管关于总统权力集中和废除总统制的必要性的讨论已经很多，但是，很少有人分析过总统权力在宪法存续期间如何通过上级法院的判例演变。本文将探讨拥有唯一和专属管辖权来审理和裁定与宪法解释有关的任何事项的机构 2 ——最高法院，是如何通过司法解释过程塑造总统权力的。在分析总统在不同类别下的权力的判例时，作者认为，尽管法院在审判过程中取得了一些小小的胜利，但法院在很大程度上避免援引宪法的基本原则，包括法治、三权分立和宪政本身，以制约“权力过大的行政机构”3。在某些情况下，这些原则的选择性应用或许为司法现实主义理论提供了依据。然而，在大多数情况下，值得注意的是，法院在驳回试图限制总统权力的各种论点时给出的法律依据已经得到了充分的证实。
