b'Inatruction fermi液体范式(1,2)是现代冷凝物质理论的基石之一,提供了多体系统的有效描述,其基本激发是弱相互作用的费米金准式晶粒。费米液体的理论提供了理解为什么金属中的传导电子基本上是非相互作用的颗粒。费米液体可以以纵向密度振荡的形式支持集体模式,这些振荡与经典流体中的声音类似。它们的传播取决于该模式的角频率\ xcf \ x89是否高于或低于粒子间碰撞速率(3)\ xcf \ x84 1 coll。液体3他是一种中性的费米液体,是第一个从第一个声音模式(\ xcf \ XCF \ x89 \ xcf \ xcf \ x84 1 coll,即在流体动态状态)到零1 col(\ xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf xcf)(\ xcf \ xcf \ xcf \ xcf \ xcf \ xcf \ xcf \ x,观察到Coll,即,在无碰撞状态中)(4)。在具有远距离库仑相互作用的电子费米液体中,其中电子电子(EE)散射时间\ xcf \ x84 EE起着\ xcf \ x84 coll的作用,第一,零声折叠到Plasmon模式(5)。在这种模式下,从'
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