表1。VBC programmes in the USA........................................................................................9 Table 2.VBC倡议在英国......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10表3。Aspects of value in EU framework on VBC................................................................13 Table 4.Key features of an integrated practice unit (IPU).....................................................23 Table 5.结果层次结构中的层............................................................................................................................................................... 27表6。患者报告的结果指标(PROM)和患者报告的经验措施(PERP)的说明性应用................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30表7。Benefits arising from deployment of PROMs and PREMs by level of system engagement................................................................................................................31 Table 8.捆绑付款的设计和实施考虑................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36表9。Performance frameworks in various countries........................................................46 Table 10.State experience of implementing integrated care in the USA................................51 Table 11.HTA的卫生系统决策域....................................................................................................................................................................... 60表12。Overview of legal frameworks deployed by countries in building their HTA system........................................................................................................64 Table 13.Stakeholder elements and roles and responsibilities for HTA.................................66 Table 14.Funding mechanisms for HTA....................................................................................68 Table 15.用于药物基于价值的定价的成功基于结果的示例................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70表16。VBC文献综述的调查结果摘要..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76表17。从基于音量的护理到PM-Jay的VBC的过渡计划................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87表18。PM-JAY中采用VBC的拟议实施计划......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
1. 保护生物多样性 2. 可持续利用其组成部分 3. 公平和公正地分享遗传资源产生的惠益。根据《生物多样性公约》,遗传资源被定义为“任何来自植物、动物、微生物或其他来源的含有遗传功能单位的材料,具有实际或潜在价值”。人类遗传资源被排除在遗传资源的定义之外(经《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第 II/11 号决定和《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第 X/1 号决定确认)。《关于获取遗传资源和公平和公正地分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》是《生物多样性公约》的一项补充协议。它为有效实施《生物多样性公约》的三大目标之一提供了透明的法律框架:公平和公正地分享利用遗传资源所产生的惠益,从而促进生物多样性的保护和可持续利用。《名古屋议定书》
国际人权法院和条约机构越来越多地转向自动决策(“ ADM”)技术,以加快和增强对个人投诉的审查。这些法庭尚未考虑通过将不同类型的自动化技术用于这些目的而提出的许多法律,规范和实际问题。本文对将ADM引入国际人权裁决的收益和挑战进行了全面,平衡的评估。我们主张使用ADM来数字化文档和内部案例管理目的,并就注册,不可接受性和计算损失提出直接建议。相反,我们拒绝使用算法或人工智能(“ AI”)来预测国家是否违反人权条约。在这些极性类别之间,我们讨论了半自动化的程序,这些程序将相似的情况聚集在一起,总结和翻译关键文本,并建议相关的先例。We weigh the benefits of introducing these tools to improve international human rights adjudication—which include greater speed and efficiency in processing and sorting cases, identifying patterns in jurisprudence, and enabling judges and staff to focus on more complex responsibilities— against two types of cognitive biases—biases inherent in the datasets on which ADM is trained and biases arising from interactions between humans and machines.我们还引入了一个框架,以增强责任制,从而减轻ADM技术造成的潜在危害。
Purpose Numerous recent studies and reports [3, 7, 8, 9, 10] have documented the increasing complexity of defense systems. The growth in complexity has increased risk and development time to the point where the time to field new systems and evolve existing systems is not acceptable. In addition, defense systems are operating in a rapidly changing environment, and the ability of systems to respond to those changes requires higher degrees of system adaptability. Traditional systems engineering methods, processes, and tools need significant improvement to meet the challenges posed by the increasing system complexity trend [10] , as do traditional software engineering methods [3]. Additionally, increasing complexity arising from the interdependence of large numbers of component suppliers is posing integration problems that challenge the limits of tradtional approaches [1]. Model Based Engineering (MBE) is an emerging approach to engineering that holds great promise for addressing the increasing complexity of systems, and systems of systems, while reducing the time, cost, and risk to develop, deliver, and evolve these systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of MBE, identify the potential benefits, costs, and risks of MBE within the context of the DOD acquisition life cycle, and provide recommendations that would enable the widespread adoption of MBE practices across the DOD acquisition life cycle. Findings and General Recommendations MBE, as defined by the subcommittee, is an approach to engineering in which models:
尽管ROHM一直在努力提高产品可靠性和质量,但由于各种因素,半导管可能会分解和故障。因此,为了防止因失败而引起的人身伤害或火灾,请采取安全措施,例如遵守衍生特征,实施冗余和防火设计,并使用备份和备份程序和故障安全程序。Rohm对于由于Rohm指定的评级以外的使用我们的台阶而造成的任何损害均不承担任何责任。
• 碳排放距离枢纽太远,或枢纽基础设施可能延误,或枢纽尚未准备好接受来自排放者的二氧化碳量; • 每年碳封存量少于 200,000 吨二氧化碳; • 废气处理,如酸性气体或酸性气体,可能产生或正在产生于石油和天然气设施,需要处置;或 • 测试碳捕获方法的设施产生的碳排放。
2。在人类健康或环境中存在不可接受的风险,这是由于在电池制造中使用物质而引起的,或者是由于将它们放置在市场上时在电池中存在物质,或在其后期生命周期期间出现的物质,包括在其后期的生命周期阶段(包括在重申或不适合施加的浪费)的情况下进行的委托行动,该公司的委托行动不足,是由delge delleg依靠的,是由delge delg依靠的,是由delge delleg依据,是由wide delge delged cast te delige of Unibe the Unie,该公司的委员89根据第86、87和88条规定的程序修改附件I的限制。
