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数字健康报告
▪ For digital health apps that don't rely on regulatory approval (e.g., subscription models like Calm or Clue), pricing challenges often revolve around balancing high operational costs with subscription fees, especially in markets where consumers are used to free healthcare services ▪ For those dependent on insurance reimbursement (e.g., DiGAs), the pressure to demonstrate cost-effectiveness for payers can lead to price reductions, hurting profitability ▪DIGA示例：在2020年至2023年之间，德国规定应用程序的平均价格上涨了50％，引发了有关这些解决方案对公共医疗保健系统的负担性的辩论。初始市场进入后，Diga价格重新谈判，通常会大幅降价（大约47％），这可能损害盈利能力和可持续性。例如，2023年Digas的平均初始价格为〜510欧元，而平均再协商价格为〜221欧元（净价）
民粹主义领导人和经济
∗ Kiel Institute for the World Economy E-mail : manuel.funke@ifw-kiel.de § University of Bonn and CEPR E-mail : schularick@uni-bonn.de ¶ Kiel Institute for the World Economy, CEPR and CESifo E-mail : christoph.trebesch@ifw-kiel.de ‡ We are especially indebted to Michael Bayerlein, Anne Metten, Eric Eichler，Matthew Cunningham，Hanna Sakhno，Shen Ibrahimsadeh，Judith Botte和Maximilian Konradt，他们提供了出色的研究帮助。我们还要感谢加州大学洛杉矶分校和威尼斯的Cesifo Summer Institute以及Philip Manow，Gy˝oz˝oGy -gy -ongy -Osi，Almuth Scholl，Toman Barsbai和Emil Verner的会议。该项目得到了德国联邦教育和研究部（BMBF）和莱布尼兹危机研究联盟的研究补助金。Schularick在德国的卓越策略下承认德意志Forschungsgemeinschaft（DFG）的支持 - EXC 2126/1-3908386。本文所表达的观点完全是作者的责任。
数字健康与健康公平：数字健康如何解决医疗保健差异并改善非洲质量护理
通过标准介绍，医疗保健是一项基本的人权，但并非每个人都可以平等地访问它。人口之间的不公平或不平等的医疗保健机会显示了社会经济权力分配决定个人风险和机会的方式，包括获得稳定和安全的住房，食物和水以及获得适当的医疗服务的方式。1 Inequalities in access to healthcare, usage, and results contribute significantly to global chronic disease and death burden, alcohol and drug abuse, and mental and psychological well-being and have far-reaching consequences for the standard of life, livelihood, schooling, and wellness, especially among cultural and racial monitories, women, the LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) population, and native非洲的平民。在低收入国家和中等收入国家（LMIC）之间，尤其是在整个非洲大陆风险的人口中，全球范围内有2,3个重大健康差异。不等式
2024 ANNUAL REPORT
Mr Ebel, let's talk first about last year. How did it go for TUI ? It was very successful, in a demanding market environment, especially considering the political and economic conditions – above all in Germany and in Europe. The financial year 2024 was very successful for TUI . We have reported very positive progress on revenue as well as earnings. Sustainable, profitable growth remains our aim, but that includes a healthy balance sheet structure. We are a big step closer to our target of reducing net leverage to well below 1x. We have maintained our crucial focus on free cashflow, which we are using for investments and for paying back debt. We are investing selectively in operations with a promising future, but at the same time we are strengthening our financial basis. That is in the best interests of the company, our shareholders and our employees. TUI is much more robust today.
边界粗糙度对石墨烯中镜面反射的衰减的影响
在半导体和绝缘纳米线和薄膜中，从边界粗糙度散射发出的降低的声子镜面P在较低的导热率中起主要作用。Although the well-known Ziman formula p = exp( − 4 σ 2 q 2 x ) , where σ and q x denote the root-mean-square boundary roughness and the normal component of the incident phonon wave vector, respectively, and its variants are commonly used in the literature to estimate how roughness attenuates p , their validity and accuracy remain poorly understood, especially when the effects of mode conversion cannot be ignored.在本文中，我们通过将其预测与从原子绿色功能（AGF）模拟中计算出的P值进行比较，从而研究了Ziman公式的更通用的Oggilvy公式的准确性和有效性，以获得单层石墨烯中粗糙边界的集合。分析了声子分散，入射角，极化，模式转换和相关长度的影响。我们的结果表明，对于0 ，Ogilvy公式非常准确
CuAAC结合了1,2,3-三唑连接的纳米凝胶，用于靶向药物：审查
在生物医学，生物纳米技术和药物的结构域中，基于聚合物的药物纳米载体一直是针对靶向部位的药物递送的引人入胜的药物疗法。1 – 3 A wide range of diseases including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies can be treated and healed in a better and more e ffi cient manner using polymeric drug delivery systems owing to the targeted and controlled release of therapeutics, 4 – 6 thereby reducing the side e ff ects of drugs, especially those for cancer which is a major threat to human health a er cardiovascular疾病是人类死亡的主要原因。7 - 10，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）在2018年据报道，全球诊断为1,810万，预计到2040年增加到2950万。10癌症治疗仍然具有抗癌药物的高副作用，同时损害了身体快速增长的细胞以及足够的免疫反应中的肿瘤部位，导致不良侧面的影响，有11,12个解决此类问题，研究人员专注于
生物学入学考试教学大纲
15。继承（a）将基因定义为遗传单位，并清楚地区分术语基因和等位基因（b）解释了术语的主导性，隐性，隐性，纯合，纯合，纯合，合成性，表型，表型和基因型和基因型（c）与3：1和1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1： (d) explain why observed ratios often differ from expected ratios, especially when there are small numbers of progeny (e) use genetic diagrams to solve problems involving monohybrid inheritance (genetic diagrams involving autosomal linkage or epistasis are not required) (f) explain co-dominance and multiple alleles with reference to the inheritance of the ABO blood group phenotypes (A, B, AB and O) and the gene等位基因（i a，i b和o）（g）描述人类性别的确定 - XX和XY染色体（H）将突变描述为基因结构的变化，例如在镰状细胞贫血中或染色体数字中，例如在诸如47个染色体的染色体数字中，该状态为47个染色体。
COVID-19对发展中国家的影响以及RECO非常政策，气候变化和国际碳市场之间的联系
International carbon markets, especially baseline and credit systems, are an important component of international climate policy, and enshrined in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.We analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its corresponding containment, emergency response and recovery policies on key economic sectors in developing countries.Building on these insights, we assess the impacts of COVID-19 and corresponding policies on crediting policies, considering baseline setting and stringency of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of developing countries.Developing countries are of special interest for this research because, on the one side, the Paris Agreement architecture stresses the strengthened role of developing countries, which have to submit and achieve NDCs.On the other side, they are faced with sustainable development concerns and hence, might prioritise certain sustainable development goals (SDGs) (e.g.没有贫困，零饥饿），以在19009年大流行的影响背景下进行气候作用。Depending on the recovery policies undertaken, sectoral priorities for sale of credits through Article 6 are likely to shift, and credit buyers, such as the Swiss KLiK Foundation, need to adjust their approaches accordingly.
预测通过互动框架在教学内离开教学
从主观的角度解释早期学校离开的情感后果，学习问题和疾病，无法适应环境，包括暴力和课堂行为在内的行为问题，社会拒绝，缺乏属于同伴群体以及与家庭和家庭有关的问题，已被确定为原因。这与研究的所有原因分为四个主要类别：与年轻人的个性，行为，学术能力和与环境的关系有关的问题。Factors related to the personality of young people are especially emphasized, including low educational achievements over a long period of time, learning difficulties, behavioral and discipline problems, frequent and long- term absence, low self-esteem, unclear concept of the future, problems in interpersonal communication, use of psychoactive substances, social alienation, social isolation, involvement in criminal behavior, feeling of alienation from the educational environment.在发展方面，ESL学习者缺乏规范成人生活所需的情感，认知，功能和社会发展（Arkin和Cojocaru，2020年）。
诊断和管理非酒精性脂肪肝病
•评估具有振动控制的NAFLD患者的纤维化风险 - 振动控制术（VCTE）Orenhancedliver纤维化（ELF）得分（gradeB; intermediateSoe）。•在具有不确定或高风险的无创结果（FIB-4> 1.3，肝脏僵硬度测量升高或阳性ELF结果）（B级; B级; InterMideiate Soe）时，将患者转介患者将患者推荐给专家。•在患有NAFLD的人（A级；高/中级SOE）中治疗心脏代谢疾病。•建议对肥胖过量和NAFLD（A级；中级SOE）的人进行饮食改造和体育锻炼（150分钟/周）。• Initiate pioglitazone and/or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), especially in type 2 diabetes and biopsy- proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and strongly consider adjunctive obesity pharmacotherapy with lifestyle modifications for individuals with obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD (grade A; high/intermediate SOE).•考虑减肥手术以在体重指数> 35（B级；中级/弱SOE）的人中治疗NAFLD。