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农业土壤中碳结合的基本原理和措施
文章描述了由于矿物地板中有机物质而导致有机碳的基本机制。除了在腐殖质形成的背景下对最重要的术语的定义，还描述了土壤中有机物质的各种进入路径以及销售和存储中最重要的过程。碎屑球和根际的特殊作用被解释为有机物质中高且特异性的土壤室。不同土壤结合有机碳及其在可能的碳饱和度方面的极限的潜力。从这些考虑因素中，腐殖质的选项得出了，例如：B.改善了培养，减少有机物质供应到土壤中或有机物质的分解。这一专家贡献针对的是直接或间接受土地经济活动影响或对特定科学研究机构，政府机构，非政府组织和私营部门公司产生影响的所有人或团体。
歧视 - ITS，UZH-苏黎世大学
句子并非所有的人都平衡。另一方面，某些人群目前的数据比其他人的数据少。这可以是历史的，例如因为过去的医疗尝试主要是用白人进行的。相反，某些小组有许多有关比例的数据，例如，如果在预先的领域显示了已经观察到许多犯罪的警察工作（预测政策），则由于数据分析更加受控，因此发现了更多的刑事案件。还可以收集数据的方式和何处可以决定培训数据的余额：例如，如果数据为在互联网上提出，通常代表女性。如果对Ki系统进行了有关不代表该系统应用的人的人的数据培训的数据，也可能会出现偏见。例如在美国居住的人可能不适合适用于瑞士人的Trai肾脏的AI系统。
第九届基因工程会议
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Nimenrix，A、C、W135 和 Y 群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗
产品特性信息/产品特性摘要 1. 药品名称 Nimenrix ® - 预充注射器中的注射用粉末和溶剂 脑膜炎球菌 A、C、W-135 和 Y 群结合疫苗 2. 定性和定量组成 重构后，1 剂 (0.5 毫升) 含： A 群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖 1 5 微克 C 群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖 1 5 微克 W-135 群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖 1 5 微克 Y 群脑膜炎奈瑟菌多糖 1 5 微克 1 与破伤风类毒素载体蛋白结合 44 微克 有关辅料的完整列表，请参阅第 6.1 节。 3. 药物形式 注射用粉末和溶剂。粉末或粉饼呈白色。该溶剂清澈无色。 4. 临床特点 4.1 治疗指征 Nimenrix 适用于对6周龄及以上人群进行主动免疫，预防由A、C、W 135 和Y 群脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病。 4.2 用法用量 Nimenrix 应按照官方建议使用。初次免疫 6 周至 6 个月以下婴儿：2 剂，每剂 0.5 毫升，间隔 2 个月接种。 6个月以上婴儿、儿童、青少年及成人：一次给药0.5毫升。
Modulhandbuch Physik Master（科学硕士）
3.33。粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，带有ERW。 exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102122 .................................... 89 3.34. 粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，无AD。 练习M-PHYS-102119 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 3.35。 粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，无AD。 练习（NF）-M-Phys-102120 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Introduction to scientific work-M-Phys-101397 ................................................................................................................................................................................. Introduction to general theory of relativity-M-Phys-106532 ................................................................................................................................... 相对论一般理论简介（NF）-M-Phys-106533 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 3.39。 Introduction to general theory of relativity, without exercises-M-Phys-106843 ................................................ 96 3.40. 风味物理学简介，基础知识-M-PHYS-102987 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 3.41。 Introduction to flavor physics, basics (NF)-M-Phys-103189 ......................................................................................................................................................... Introduction to flavor physics, basics and depressions-M-Phys-102986 ........................................................... 99 3.43.粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，带有ERW。exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102122 .................................... 89 3.34.粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，无AD。练习M-PHYS-102119 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 3.35。粒子和Astrote物理学的检测器，无AD。练习（NF）-M-Phys-102120 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Introduction to scientific work-M-Phys-101397 .................................................................................................................................................................................Introduction to general theory of relativity-M-Phys-106532 ...................................................................................................................................相对论一般理论简介（NF）-M-Phys-106533 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 3.39。Introduction to general theory of relativity, without exercises-M-Phys-106843 ................................................ 96 3.40.风味物理学简介，基础知识-M-PHYS-102987 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 3.41。Introduction to flavor physics, basics (NF)-M-Phys-103189 .........................................................................................................................................................Introduction to flavor physics, basics and depressions-M-Phys-102986 ........................................................... 99 3.43.风味物理，基础和凹陷简介（NF）-M-Phys-103188 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100 3.44。Introduction to cosmology-M-Phys-102175 ............................................................................................................................................. 宇宙学简介（NF）-M-PHYS-102176 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 3.46。 Introduction to neutron scatter-M-Phys-106323 ............................................................................................................................................................. 中子散射简介（NF）-M-Phys-106324 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 3.48。 Introduction to theoretical cosmology-M-Phys-104855 ...................................................................................... 106 3.49. Introduction to theoretical cosmology (NF)-M-Phys-104856 ..................................................................................................................... Electron microscopy I, with exercises-M-Phys-102989 .................................................................................................. 109 3.51. electron microscopy I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102991 ........................................................................................... 110 3.52. 电子显微镜I，无练习-M-Phys-102990 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 111 3.53。Introduction to cosmology-M-Phys-102175 .............................................................................................................................................宇宙学简介（NF）-M-PHYS-102176 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 3.46。Introduction to neutron scatter-M-Phys-106323 ............................................................................................................................................................. 中子散射简介（NF）-M-Phys-106324 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 3.48。 Introduction to theoretical cosmology-M-Phys-104855 ...................................................................................... 106 3.49. Introduction to theoretical cosmology (NF)-M-Phys-104856 ..................................................................................................................... Electron microscopy I, with exercises-M-Phys-102989 .................................................................................................. 109 3.51. electron microscopy I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102991 ........................................................................................... 110 3.52. 电子显微镜I，无练习-M-Phys-102990 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 111 3.53。Introduction to neutron scatter-M-Phys-106323 .............................................................................................................................................................中子散射简介（NF）-M-Phys-106324 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 3.48。Introduction to theoretical cosmology-M-Phys-104855 ...................................................................................... 106 3.49.Introduction to theoretical cosmology (NF)-M-Phys-104856 .....................................................................................................................Electron microscopy I, with exercises-M-Phys-102989 .................................................................................................. 109 3.51.electron microscopy I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102991 ........................................................................................... 110 3.52. 电子显微镜I，无练习-M-Phys-102990 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 111 3.53。electron microscopy I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102991 ........................................................................................... 110 3.52.电子显微镜I，无练习-M-Phys-102990 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 111 3.53。Electron microscopy II, with exercises-M-Phys-10227 ................................................................................................................................Electron microscopy II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-103172 ...................................................................................... 113 3.55. Electron microscopy II, without exercises-M-Phys-102844 .......................................................................................... 114 3.56. Electronics for physicists-M-Phys-102184 ..................................................................................................................................................................... Electronics for physicists (NF)-M-Phys-102185 ................................................................................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises-M-Phys-102089 ................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61. 固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electron microscopy II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-103172 ...................................................................................... 113 3.55.Electron microscopy II, without exercises-M-Phys-102844 .......................................................................................... 114 3.56.Electronics for physicists-M-Phys-102184 ..................................................................................................................................................................... Electronics for physicists (NF)-M-Phys-102185 ................................................................................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises-M-Phys-102089 ................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61. 固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electronics for physicists-M-Phys-102184 .....................................................................................................................................................................Electronics for physicists (NF)-M-Phys-102185 ................................................................................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises-M-Phys-102089 ................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61. 固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electronics for physicists (NF)-M-Phys-102185 .................................................................................................................................................................Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises-M-Phys-102089 ................................................................................................. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61. 固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises-M-Phys-102089 .................................................................................................Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60. Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61. 固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electronic properties of solid bodies I, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102087 ......................................................... 120 3.60.Electronic properties of solid bodies I, without exercises-M-Phys-102090 .......................................................... 122 3.61.固体物体II的电子特性，带有练习-M-Phys-102108 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Electronic properties of solid bodies II, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102106 ................................................ 125 3.63.Electronic properties of solid bodies II, without exercises-M-Phys-102109 ................................................................. 126 3.64. Experimental biophysics II, with seminar-M-Phys-102165 ....................................................................................... 127 3.65. 实验生物物理学II，带有研讨会（NF）-M-PHYS-102166 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Experimental biophysics II, without seminar-M-Phys-102167 ........................................................................................ 131 3.67. Experimental biophysics II, without seminar (NF)-M-Phys-102168 ................................................................................... 133 3.68. Flavor Physics in the Standard Model and Beyond-M-Phys-105064 ........................................................................... 135 3.69. full-wave reform inversion (unbotted)-M-Phys-104522 .............................................................................................. 136 3.70. cryophysics的基本原理，带有练习-M-Phys-106799 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 3.71。 Fundamentals of Cryophysics, with Exercises (NF)-M-Phys-106801 ....................................................................... 138 3.72. 冰冻物理学的基本原理，无练习-M-PHYS-106798 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Electronic properties of solid bodies II, without exercises-M-Phys-102109 ................................................................. 126 3.64.Experimental biophysics II, with seminar-M-Phys-102165 ....................................................................................... 127 3.65.实验生物物理学II，带有研讨会（NF）-M-PHYS-102166 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Experimental biophysics II, without seminar-M-Phys-102167 ........................................................................................ 131 3.67.Experimental biophysics II, without seminar (NF)-M-Phys-102168 ................................................................................... 133 3.68.Flavor Physics in the Standard Model and Beyond-M-Phys-105064 ........................................................................... 135 3.69.full-wave reform inversion (unbotted)-M-Phys-104522 .............................................................................................. 136 3.70. cryophysics的基本原理，带有练习-M-Phys-106799 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 3.71。 Fundamentals of Cryophysics, with Exercises (NF)-M-Phys-106801 ....................................................................... 138 3.72. 冰冻物理学的基本原理，无练习-M-PHYS-106798 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................full-wave reform inversion (unbotted)-M-Phys-104522 .............................................................................................. 136 3.70.cryophysics的基本原理，带有练习-M-Phys-106799 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 3.71。Fundamentals of Cryophysics, with Exercises (NF)-M-Phys-106801 ....................................................................... 138 3.72. 冰冻物理学的基本原理，无练习-M-PHYS-106798 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Fundamentals of Cryophysics, with Exercises (NF)-M-Phys-106801 ....................................................................... 138 3.72.冰冻物理学的基本原理，无练习-M-PHYS-106798 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Foundations of nanotechnology I-M-Phys-102097 ............................................................................................................... 140 3.74. Foundations of nanotechnology I (NF)-M-Phys-102096 .............................................................................................. 141 3.75. Foundations of Nanotechnology II-M-Phys-102100 ................................................................................................. 142 3.76. Foundations of nanotechnology II (NF)-M-Phys-102099 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 组，Albala和代表M-Phys-106732 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 144 3.78。 groups, albala and representations (NF)-M-Phys-106743 ................................................................................................................................................. semiconductor physics, with exercises-M-Phys-102131 ............................................................................................................... 146 3.80. semiconductor physics, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102130 ................................................................................................. 148 3.81. 半导体物理学，无练习-M-Phys-102301 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 3.82。 main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.Foundations of nanotechnology I-M-Phys-102097 ............................................................................................................... 140 3.74.Foundations of nanotechnology I (NF)-M-Phys-102096 .............................................................................................. 141 3.75. Foundations of Nanotechnology II-M-Phys-102100 ................................................................................................. 142 3.76. Foundations of nanotechnology II (NF)-M-Phys-102099 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 组，Albala和代表M-Phys-106732 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 144 3.78。 groups, albala and representations (NF)-M-Phys-106743 ................................................................................................................................................. semiconductor physics, with exercises-M-Phys-102131 ............................................................................................................... 146 3.80. semiconductor physics, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102130 ................................................................................................. 148 3.81. 半导体物理学，无练习-M-Phys-102301 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 3.82。 main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.Foundations of nanotechnology I (NF)-M-Phys-102096 .............................................................................................. 141 3.75.Foundations of Nanotechnology II-M-Phys-102100 ................................................................................................. 142 3.76. Foundations of nanotechnology II (NF)-M-Phys-102099 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 组，Albala和代表M-Phys-106732 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 144 3.78。 groups, albala and representations (NF)-M-Phys-106743 ................................................................................................................................................. semiconductor physics, with exercises-M-Phys-102131 ............................................................................................................... 146 3.80. semiconductor physics, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102130 ................................................................................................. 148 3.81. 半导体物理学，无练习-M-Phys-102301 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 3.82。 main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.Foundations of Nanotechnology II-M-Phys-102100 ................................................................................................. 142 3.76.Foundations of nanotechnology II (NF)-M-Phys-102099 .....................................................................................................................................................................组，Albala和代表M-Phys-106732 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 144 3.78。groups, albala and representations (NF)-M-Phys-106743 ................................................................................................................................................. semiconductor physics, with exercises-M-Phys-102131 ............................................................................................................... 146 3.80. semiconductor physics, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102130 ................................................................................................. 148 3.81. 半导体物理学，无练习-M-Phys-102301 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 3.82。 main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.groups, albala and representations (NF)-M-Phys-106743 .................................................................................................................................................semiconductor physics, with exercises-M-Phys-102131 ............................................................................................................... 146 3.80.semiconductor physics, with exercises (NF)-M-Phys-102130 ................................................................................................. 148 3.81.半导体物理学，无练习-M-Phys-102301 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 3.82。main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.main seminar in the subject area Experimental astrote physics-M-Phys-102207 ............................................... 152 3.83.主题领域的主研讨会实验粒子物理-M-Phys-102206 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 154 3.84。主研讨会在主题区域M-Phys-102203中凝结............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 156 3.85。main seminar in the subject area nanophysics-M-Phys-102204 ........................................................................................ 158 3.86. 光学和Photonics-M-Phys-102205主题的主要研讨会........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 3.87。 main seminar in the subject area of theoretical cosmology and astrote physics-M-Phys-106829 ........................ 161 3.88. main seminar in the subject field theoretical particle physics-M-Phys-102208 ............................................................ 162 3.89. main seminar in the subject area theory of condensed matter-M-Phys-102209 .................................................. 164 3.90. 原位：地中海-M-Phys-106322中的构造和地震危害....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 3.91。 Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92. Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169main seminar in the subject area nanophysics-M-Phys-102204 ........................................................................................ 158 3.86.光学和Photonics-M-Phys-102205主题的主要研讨会........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 3.87。main seminar in the subject area of theoretical cosmology and astrote physics-M-Phys-106829 ........................ 161 3.88. main seminar in the subject field theoretical particle physics-M-Phys-102208 ............................................................ 162 3.89. main seminar in the subject area theory of condensed matter-M-Phys-102209 .................................................. 164 3.90. 原位：地中海-M-Phys-106322中的构造和地震危害....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 3.91。 Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92. Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169main seminar in the subject area of theoretical cosmology and astrote physics-M-Phys-106829 ........................ 161 3.88.main seminar in the subject field theoretical particle physics-M-Phys-102208 ............................................................ 162 3.89. main seminar in the subject area theory of condensed matter-M-Phys-102209 .................................................. 164 3.90. 原位：地中海-M-Phys-106322中的构造和地震危害....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 3.91。 Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92. Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169main seminar in the subject field theoretical particle physics-M-Phys-102208 ............................................................ 162 3.89.main seminar in the subject area theory of condensed matter-M-Phys-102209 .................................................. 164 3.90. 原位：地中海-M-Phys-106322中的构造和地震危害....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 3.91。 Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92. Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169main seminar in the subject area theory of condensed matter-M-Phys-102209 .................................................. 164 3.90.原位：地中海-M-Phys-106322中的构造和地震危害....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 3.91。Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92. Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169Inversion & Tomography-M-Phys-102368 ............................................................................................................ 167 3.92.Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169Inversion & Tomography (NF)-M-Phys-102658 ....................................................................................................... 169
使用 BDF 土壤样本中的 DNA 提取来评估生物多样性
在德国，虽然拥有大约 800 个永久土壤观测地块 (BDF) 等全面的基础设施用于此目的，但是却没有对土壤生物进行全面、标准化的记录。然而，目前并非所有联邦州都对其 BDF 开展土壤生物学调查。其中最重要的原因可能是土壤无脊椎动物的鉴定复杂且昂贵。本项目应该有助于解决这一问题。在 25 个地点记录了蚯蚓、蚓螈和跳虫，通过形态学和 DNA 条形码对动物进行了识别，并对结果进行了比较。目的是在德国 BDF 计划框架内制定有效且可定期实施的土壤动物监测建议。结果表明，遗传测定方法基本适合此目的。在其投入正式实践之前，必须满足一些要求。 DNA 参考数据库必须全面、精心管理且质量可控。基于DNA的方法需要标准化。需要开发基于土壤生物数据的可靠土壤健康指标。建议所有联邦州以相同的程度和方法开展土壤动物调查。最初应使用经典的形态学方法定期记录土壤生物，至少记录蚯蚓、蚓螈和跳虫。应研究纳入更多群体。遗传方法的引入应逐步进行，从蚯蚓开始。所收集的数据应集中汇总并向公众开放。从长远来看，环境DNA条形码应该成为研究和评估土壤生物多样性的标准实践。
毁灭的战场 - ZMSBw
在德国与苏联的战争中，今天的乌克兰领土在 1941 年 6 月至 1944 年 5 月期间成为决定性的战场和纳粹反人类罪行的中心场景。在 23 年的德苏互不侵犯条约中。1939 年 8 月，阿道夫·希特勒和约瑟夫·斯大林相互保证了各自在中欧和东欧的势力范围。一周后，德国国防军入侵波兰，不久之后红军也进入波兰。波兰共和国被灭亡，领土被分裂。然而，希特勒早在1940年6月就决定进攻苏联。这样做的原因在于，一旦与英国发生同样计划中的战争，德国东部边境就得到保障，相关的战争经济利益和日耳曼“东方生存空间”的种族意识形态计划也是必不可少的。希特勒指令编号21 之 18。1940 年 12 月（巴巴罗萨行动）决心“以快速战役”击败苏联。为此，驻扎在该国欧洲部分的红军部队将被尽早消灭。组建了三个集团军群：南方集团军群在总督府和与德国结盟的罗马尼亚集结。这是为了攻击乌克兰西部的苏联军队，然后推进到经济重要的顿巴斯地区。中央集团军群的任务是粉碎在白俄罗斯的苏联军队，然后，下一步，支援北方集团军群进攻波罗的海国家和列宁格勒。完成这些任务后，中央集团军群和北方集团军群将对首都莫斯科发动联合攻击。该指令中列出的优先事项在军事领导层中引起了争议，并将在未来引发冲突
ordförådOchspråkförståelseHosFörskolebarnmed cochleaimplantat i关系直到språkmiljöalva piehl
摘要语言学习发生在孩子生命的第一年，并与孩子的周围环境互动。今天，对语言能力的要求很高，例如多样化的词汇和良好的语言理解。先前的研究表明，与具有典型听力能力的同龄人相比，具有人工耳蜗（CI）的儿童经常会经历延迟的语言发展。这项研究的目的是以人才的数量以及成人词的数量以及词汇发展的数量以及对CI学龄前儿童的语言理解的形式来描述家庭中的语言环境。该研究包括12名儿童，其中包括6个与CI的儿童，他们是在Karolinska大学医院的听证植入部分招募的。用瑞典评估交流开发库存（SECDI）的父母形式评估了词汇，并使用发育快照的父母形式评估了语言理解。使用语言环境分析（Lena）软件分析了语言环境。在结果中，有迹象表明，在生命的第一年，患有CI的儿童的语音语言发展延迟，此后随着时间的流逝发展成为年龄在同等年龄的词汇和语言理解与2至4岁年龄相对应的语言理解。描述性分析还表明，与具有典型听力的儿童相比，CI的儿童以成人单词数量和成人单词数量和摄取数量的形式更需要更多语言的语言环境。在语言环境，词汇和语言理解的组中观察到个体变化。这些变化可以与可听见的屏幕时间，有意义的语音（儿童附近的语音）和干预类型相关联。这项研究的结果表明，一些CI的儿童的口语环境与日常生活中的正常儿童相似。随着时间的流逝，有三分之二的CI孩子达到了同等年龄的词汇，而有CI的两个孩子之一获得了年龄等效的语言理解。但是，为了概括这些结果，需要对较大选择组进行更多相似的研究。关键字：词汇，语言理解，语言环境，语言环境分析（LENA），耳蜗植入物（CI）