接种 COVID-19 疫苗是一种更安全的方法,有助于建立保护。接种 COVID-19 疫苗可能会提供一定的保护,即自然免疫。目前的证据表明,在初次感染后的几个月内,再次感染导致 COVID-19 的病毒并不常见,但可能会随着时间的推移而增加。COVID-19 导致严重疾病和死亡的风险远远超过自然免疫的任何好处。接种 COVID-19 疫苗将有助于保护您,通过产生抗体(免疫系统)反应,而无需生病。
• Get my attention before starting to speak • Face me when you speak and do not cover your mouth • Try to be within about 6 feet of me when you speak • Turn off radios, TV or other sources of noise • Keep the lights on so that I can read lips • If we are in a group, it is helpful if one person speaks at a time • If we are in a group, it is helpful if we move to a quiet room/location • If we are in a group, it is helpful to be seated at圆桌会议•当人们说话时,我可能需要重复或重新启动•我需要手语解释器•写下重要信息; I cannot speechread and take notes at the same time • Other_____________________________________________________________________
∗伯恩斯坦:sbernstein@hbs.edu。Townsend:rrtownsend@ucsd.edu。 XU:xut@darden.virginia.edu。 我们感谢Kunal Mehta的数据帮助。 We are grateful for helpful comments from Paul Gompers, Issac Hacamo, Jessica Jeffers, Song Ma, David Matsa, Ramana Nanda, Paige Ouimet, Sergio Salgado, Antoinette Schoar, Elena Simintzi, Chris Stanton, and seminar participants at NBER Entrepreneurship, RCFS Winter Conference, SFS Cavalcade, MFA, FOM虚拟公司金融研讨会,初级企业家/创新午餐小组,初级企业金融研讨会,LSE,Rochester,Rochester,Illinois Chicago,Indiana,Indiana(Kelley),HBS,HBS,Havard Law School,Havard Law School,Uva Darden和Virginia Tech。Townsend:rrtownsend@ucsd.edu。XU:xut@darden.virginia.edu。我们感谢Kunal Mehta的数据帮助。We are grateful for helpful comments from Paul Gompers, Issac Hacamo, Jessica Jeffers, Song Ma, David Matsa, Ramana Nanda, Paige Ouimet, Sergio Salgado, Antoinette Schoar, Elena Simintzi, Chris Stanton, and seminar participants at NBER Entrepreneurship, RCFS Winter Conference, SFS Cavalcade, MFA, FOM虚拟公司金融研讨会,初级企业家/创新午餐小组,初级企业金融研讨会,LSE,Rochester,Rochester,Illinois Chicago,Indiana,Indiana(Kelley),HBS,HBS,Havard Law School,Havard Law School,Uva Darden和Virginia Tech。
• A 'hub' for translational medical science Great, Tilo • Biometric advice in medical research Hoyer, Annika • Research with medical care data: Functions of the research data platform of the medical faculty OWL Dreyer, Felix • Cold but helpful: The research biobank of the medical faculty OWL Anton, Gabi • (meta-) genomics and Transcriptomics in medical research Busche, Tobias • Proteo and医学研究中的代谢组学Persicke,Marcus•Medical Research Biermann,Barbara和Seidel的现代成像,Thorsten•转化医学研究中的生物信息信息基础设施的服务Schulz•始终保持概述:支持研究数据管理Grüttemeier,Kristina• A 'hub' for translational medical science Great, Tilo • Biometric advice in medical research Hoyer, Annika • Research with medical care data: Functions of the research data platform of the medical faculty OWL Dreyer, Felix • Cold but helpful: The research biobank of the medical faculty OWL Anton, Gabi • (meta-) genomics and Transcriptomics in medical research Busche, Tobias • Proteo and医学研究中的代谢组学Persicke,Marcus•Medical Research Biermann,Barbara和Seidel的现代成像,Thorsten•转化医学研究中的生物信息信息基础设施的服务Schulz•始终保持概述:支持研究数据管理Grüttemeier,Kristina
Modeling & Application In connection with content, the student solves real-world problems with a degree of difficulty appropriate to the grade/course by applying knowledge and skills articulated in the standards for the current grade/course (or for more complex problems, knowledge and skills articulated in the standards for previous grades/courses), engaging particularly in the Modeling practice, and where helpful making sense of problems and persevering to solve them, reasoning abstractly, and quantitatively, using appropriate tools从战略上讲,寻找结构和/或在重复推理中寻找和表达规律性
*列侬:塔科马力量(clennon@uoregon.edu)。鲁宾(通讯作者):俄勒冈大学,经济系,俄勒冈大学1285年,俄勒冈大学175号卢西安·坎贝尔王子霍尔王子,俄勒冈州尤金,俄勒冈州97403-1205(edwardr@uoregon.edu)。WADDELL:俄勒冈大学,经济与探索系IZA BONN(waddell@uoregon.edu)。 We thank Joshua Angrist, Daniel Chen, Jiafeng Chen, Jonathan Davis, Thomas Dee, Max Farrel, Brigham Frandsen, Benjamin Hansen, Greg Lewis, John Loeser, Grant McDermott, Douglas Miller, James Stock, Jeffrey Wooldridge, and Eric Zou for helpful discussion. Lennon在该项目的大部分工作中都隶属于俄勒冈大学。 项目的脚本和数据将发布到公开可用的GitHub存储库中。 该项目免于IRB,因为它不涉及人类主题。 作者没有什么可披露的。WADDELL:俄勒冈大学,经济与探索系IZA BONN(waddell@uoregon.edu)。We thank Joshua Angrist, Daniel Chen, Jiafeng Chen, Jonathan Davis, Thomas Dee, Max Farrel, Brigham Frandsen, Benjamin Hansen, Greg Lewis, John Loeser, Grant McDermott, Douglas Miller, James Stock, Jeffrey Wooldridge, and Eric Zou for helpful discussion.Lennon在该项目的大部分工作中都隶属于俄勒冈大学。项目的脚本和数据将发布到公开可用的GitHub存储库中。该项目免于IRB,因为它不涉及人类主题。作者没有什么可披露的。
• Heart failure is more common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people • HFrEF and HFpEF are often clinically indistinguishable • Echocardiography is the single most useful investigation in patients with suspected HF, but can be difficult to interpret • BNP level is helpful where diagnosis is unclear, especially as a rule-out test • All patients should have aggressive management of risk factors and comorbidities, particularly hypertension • ACE HFREF患者的抑制剂(或ARB),β受体阻滞剂和矿物皮质激素受体拮抗剂(MRA)改善了HFREF患者的存活和减少的住院治疗。是所有患者的重要策略
尿道狭窄是泌尿外科条件,表现为尿道腔的异常狭窄,阻碍了空隙功能(1-3)。男性尿道狭窄的病因有多种原因:钝或穿透性的创伤性损伤导致炎症,医生性或特发性原因导致海绵状纤维化或尿道上皮破坏(4)(4)。尿道狭窄的患者可能出现较低的尿症状和阻塞性排尿症状,包括犹豫,河流不良,间歇性流动,滴水后运球,不完整的膀胱排空和去疗中心的感觉(5)。,如果不及时治疗患者,很少会出现肾衰竭。Workup and diagnosis of a suspected stricture include retrograde urethrography, uroflowmetry, post-void residual, urethrocystoscopy, voiding cystourethrogram, urethral ultrasound cystourethroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) urethrography with 3D reconstruction, which may be helpful for additional visualization and characterization (5 - 9)。
∗经济学系,耶路撒冷希伯来大学,耶路撒冷91905,以色列。电子邮件:muly.san@mail.huji.ac.il。For their helpful comments, I thank Michael Clemens, James Fenske, Christo- pher Flinn, Raphael Franck, Walker Hanlon, Richard Hornbeck, Alfred Galichon, Ethan Lewis, Petra Moser, Suresh Naidu, Tzachi Raz, Martin Rotemberg, Yannay Spitzer, Kevin Thom, Sharon Traiberman, Miguel Uribe, and Joseph Zeira以及EHS 2021会议的参与者,EHA IHA 2020会议,NBER 2020夏季学院(DAE海报会议),唯一2019次会议,Aasle 2018 2018会议,2018年经济学和经济学会议(Northwestern)2018年,Warwick Ph.D. 2018会议,以及纽约大学和耶路撒冷希伯来大学的研讨会。Yoav Sivor提供了出色的研究帮助。我感谢经济史协会和人道研究研究所的财务支持。
我们感谢 Julie Lassébie 就获取和使用 Crunchbase 数据提供的有益讨论、Miguel Cárdenas Rodríguez 在专利搜索方面提供的宝贵帮助以及 Myriam Gregoire-Zawilski 提供的有益研究协助。Hunt Allcott 和 NBER 关于创新和创业在经济增长中的作用的会议的与会者对早期草稿提供了有益的评论。特别感谢 Aaron Chatterji、Josh Lerner、Scott Stern 和 Mike Andrews 为组织这个项目所做的努力以及在整个过程中提供的有益评论。美国国家经济研究局关于创新和创业在经济增长中的作用的项目的资金用于购买本研究的数据。本文中表达的观点为作者个人观点,并不一定反映 OECD、IEA、其成员国或美国国家经济研究局的观点。