TCS/24/08 - 通过金属有机骨架以刺激响应方式靶向递送抗衰老药物 年龄相关性健康日益影响着老龄人口的寿命和生活质量。临床模型表明,针对会导致与年龄相关的疾病的老龄细胞(衰老细胞)的药物可以减轻衰老的影响,但这些“抗衰老”药物往往具有不良副作用或疗效不佳,因为它们并非仅针对衰老细胞。该提案旨在使用药物载体——称为金属有机骨架 (MOF) 的多孔纳米粒子——将抗衰老药物特异性地递送到衰老细胞,同时避开健康细胞。我们将在 MOF 纳米粒子表面加入化学机制,这些纳米粒子将被衰老细胞过度表达的特定酶降解,确保抗衰老药物仅释放到衰老细胞中。这种选择性释放将增强功效,降低脱靶效应,并为针对与年龄相关的疾病的抗衰老药物的更大规模的靶向输送奠定平台。
随着人工智能 (AI) 在过去十年中取得了长足进步,机器学习 (ML) 支持的医疗设备在医疗保健领域的应用也日益广泛。在本文中,我们对 FDA 批准的人工智能和机器学习 (AI/ML) 支持的医疗设备进行了全面分析,并对审批途径、审批时间表、监管类型、医学专业、决策类型、召回历史等进行了深入分析。我们发现自 2018 年以来,审批数量大幅增加,其中放射学专业在机器学习工具的应用中占据明显主导地位,这归因于来自常规临床数据的丰富数据。该研究还揭示了对 510(k) 审批途径的依赖,强调其以实质等效性为基础,并且经常绕过新的临床试验的需要。此外,它还指出,以儿科为重点的设备和试验代表性不足,表明该人群有机会扩展。此外,临床试验的地理限制(主要在美国境内)表明需要进行更具全球包容性的试验,以涵盖不同的患者人群。这项分析不仅描绘了 AI/ML 支持的医疗设备的当前格局,还指出了趋势、潜在差距以及未来探索、临床试验实践和监管方法的领域。
简介 人工智能 (AI) 一词由约翰·麦卡锡于 1956 年在一次夏季研究项目 1 会议上提出,其广义定义为计算机程序执行通常需要人类智能的广泛任务(例如推理和学习)的能力。随着人工智能应用的广泛采用,它已分支为其他子集(如图 1 所示),但人工智能机器学习和深度学习等术语经常互换使用。机器学习是人工智能的一个子集,它可以从随时间推移提供的数据中学习,以便在提供测试数据集时进行预测。人工智能的子集深度学习 (DL) 实现了称为神经网络的复杂算法,这些算法的模型类似于人脑中的神经元 2 ,并广泛应用于语音识别、计算机视觉、药物发现和基因组学 3 。随着使用更全面、更包容和更异构的数据 4 训练模型,这些模型的稳健性会变得更好。机器学习是人工智能的一个子集,已广泛应用于医学研究,以从每天医疗保健产生的大量数据中识别有价值的临床见解 5 。医疗器械中 ML 模型的实施有所增加 6 。在美国,标记为医疗器械的设备必须获得食品药品管理局 (FDA) 的批准。FDA 通过 3 种监管途径之一对医疗器械进行监管和批准,即 510(k) 许可 7 、De Novo 审查 8 或上市前批准 (PMA) 9 ,如表 1 所示。在本文中,我们介绍了美国 FDA 批准的支持 AI/ML 的医疗器械的最新最新情况。这是 FDA 于 2022 年 10 月 5 日更新名单后,第一篇分析支持 AI/ML 的医疗器械状态的文章,该名单包含 178 种在美国上市的新医疗器械 6 。
• One pupil larger than the other • Is drowsy or cannot be awakened • A headache that gets worse • Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination • Repeated vomiting or nausea • Slurred speech • Convulsions or seizures • Cannot recognize people or places • Becomes increasingly confused, restless, or agitated • Has unusual behavior • Loses consciousness (even a brief loss of consciousness should be taken seriously)
• Energy storage technologies are rapidly developing in response to increasingly large fluctuations in power demand and availability from intermittent resources including renewables • New cycles require custom turbomachinery designs • SCO 2 power cycles are being developed for both indirect and direct fired configurations • SCO 2 cycles being considered for energy storage • This presentation focuses on development of SCO2 turbomachinery to meet these challenging requirements
• A ‘two-speed', increasingly divergent NHH market, with water companies (and therefore Retailers and NHH customers) in either the data ‘fast lane' or ‘slow lane' • The standard of service and level of innovation retailers are able to offer customers varying significantly between wholesaler regions • Companies continuing to install traditional (‘dumb') meters in AMP8 with an average 20-year lifespan, further postponing the广泛采用更智能的技术•如果市场并未广泛采用所提出的数据互操作性标准,则可能存在缺乏一致性和数据和流程标准化的风险
描述得益于其2175人的努力 - 超过650人专门研究研究 - 以及其27个实验室,Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale dei tumori是由OECI批准的综合癌症中心。INT是一个高浓度和稀有和儿科癌症的国家和国际参考中心。The strong attention to technological innovation –which allows cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic services, capable of ensuring increasingly accurate and early diagnoses and personalized treatments– is one of the factors that helps the Institute playing a prestigious role in today's healthcare landscape, by being the foremost oncology center in Lombardy and in Italy, the leading pediatric oncology center in Italy (and among the first in Europe), as well是唯一被授权进行肝移植的意大利癌症中心。
,不仅我们如何谈论计算系统。Many state-of-the-art generative AI (GenAI) systems are increasingly prone to anthropomorphic behaviors [e.g., 2, 3, 14, 25]—i.e., to generating outputs that are perceived to be human-like—either by design [40, 45, 46] or as a by-product of how they are built, trained, or fine-tuned [8, 60].例如,已经注意到,基于LLM的系统输出文本声称自己尝试了披萨[64],爱上了某人[53],比人类[16]更好,并且具有类似人类的生活经验[21]。这样的拟人化系统1范围从对话助手[例如1,57]到化身和聊天机器人,设计为朋友,伴侣或浪漫伴侣的替身[e.g.,5,12,36,55]和AI生成的媒体,旨在描绘人们[e.g.,54,61],40 e. e.g. e.g.,30。e. gressive gy。
of advancement of emerging sectors • Skills requirements change at a pace probably faster than ever before • Developments in the economy, technology, environment drive innovation and change • Life-long specialization vs life-long learning • VET assumes an increasingly important role (educational culture often favors general education) • Soft and hard skills mix, and cross disciplinary education and training for multicultural environment • Flexibility in skills acquisition, formal and informal learning according to labour market needs •提高技能和重新技能,强调支持中小企业•基于能力的培训,可转移技能•增加妇女参与男性主导的工作•在培训中使用技术,体验式学习
18 Gen AI investments increasingly extend beyond the AI itself 19 While business leaders look inward for AI's impact, tech leaders look outward 20 Few AI regulations across the globe address the outcomes rather than the tech 21 European organizations' gen AI preparedness has increased, but few feel ready for the associated risks 22 A burgeoning ‘AI-generated' market: Insurance safeguards against AI risk 23 More hands-on gen AI experience increases optimism—and谨慎 - 对于千禧一代和Z 24 Gen 24,许多技术领导者在C-Suite中的影响正在增长,新的Deloitte研究表明25是软件中的新生成AI功能A a可赚钱的增强功能或桌子赌注吗?26 AI采用的快照:意大利的设计部门27美国消费者认为AI生成的健康信息应留给专家