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项目负责人： Curtis Light，Google 高级软件工程师 Rob Hazan，Index Exchange 产品高级总监 其他重要贡献者： Ben Antier，Publica 首席执行官 Nabhan El-Rahman，Publica 首席技术官 Joshua Gross，Index Exchange 高级工程主管 Bret Ikehara，Publica 高级软件工程师 Johnny Li，Index Exchange 软件工程师 Amit Shetty，IAB Tech Lab 程序化产品与合作伙伴关系 Sam Mansour，Moat 首席产品经理 Miguel Morales，Lucidity Tech 首席技术官兼联合创始人 Colm Geraghty，Verizon Media Group 首席架构师 Mani Gandham，Index Exchange 工程 James Wilhite，Publica 产品管理总监 IAB Tech Lab 负责人：Amit Shetty IAB Tech Lab 程序化产品与合作伙伴关系副总裁 关于 IAB Tech Lab IAB 技术实验室 (Tech Lab) 是一个非营利性研究和开发联盟，它制定并提供标准、软件和服务，以推动有效和可持续的全球数字媒体生态系统。IAB Tech Lab 由数字出版商和广告技术公司以及营销人员、代理商和其他对互动营销领域感兴趣的公司组成，旨在通过透明、安全、有效的供应链、更简单、更一致的衡量标准以及为消费者提供更好的广告体验来促进品牌和媒体的增长，重点是移动和电视/数字视频频道的支持。IAB Tech Lab 的产品组合包括 DigiTrust 实时标准化
IBIS公开论坛会议记录
Altair (JuneSang Lee) AMD (Xilinx) (Bassam Mansour) Ansys Curtis Clark, Wei-hsing Huang, Minggang Hou*, Xi Hu* Applied Simulation Technology (Fred Balistreri) Aurora System Dian Yang, Raj Raghuram Broadcom (Yunong Gan) Cadence Design Systems Kyle Lake, Jared James, John Philips, Kristoffer Skytte，Dingru Xiao*，Jianping Kong*，Shengli Wang*，Shiying Fang*，Zuli Qin*Celicesta（Sophia Feng）（Sophia Feng），Echo lv*，Lurker Li*Cisco Systems（Stephen Scearce） （Balaji Sankarshanan）Google（Hanfeng Wang）华为技术Danilo di febo，Marco de Stefano，Hang（Paul）Yan* Infineon Technologies AG（Christian Sporrer）（Christian Sporrer）Instituto de telecomunicaCisicecomecomenice，Abdelgader Abdalla） Mirmak, Hsinho Wu, Chuanyu Li* Keysight Technologies Ming Yan, Douglas Burns, Fangyi Rao, Pegah Alavi, Hee-Soo Lee, Heidi Barnes, Chuanbao Li*, Jiarui Wu* Marvell Steven Parker MathWorks Graham Kus, Walter Katz, Kerry Schotz Micron Technology [Randy Wolff],贾斯汀·巴特菲尔德（Justin Butterfield） Stahlberg，Todd Westerhoff，Scott Wedge，Randy Wolff Stmicroelectronics Olivier Bayet，Rahul Kumar，Raushan Kumar，Raushan Kumar，Manish-FTM Bansal，Sameer Vashishtha Synopsys Synopsys ted Mido（Tushar Pandey），Tushar Pandey） Teraspeed Labs Bob Ross Waymo [Zhiping Yang]，（Ji Zhang）中兴公司（Shunlin Zhu），Changgang Yin*，Jian Huang*，Ming Zheng*
![arxiv：2110.03580v2 [cs.lg] 2024年12月30日](/simg/g:\will\search\icon\source\3\3c616b1efecb7edb9f04112a9aceda9b1150c30f.webp)
arxiv：2110.03580v2 [cs.lg] 2024年12月30日
强化学习（RL）研究代理如何在未知环境中以奖励反馈来表现。环境通常被建模为马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）。在标准设置中，假定MDP是静态的，即，随着时间的推移，状态过渡内核和瞬时奖励函数仍保持固定。在这个假设下，具有强大理论保证的众多综合和统计上有效的算法已得到发展（Jaksch等人。，2010年； Lattimore和Hutter，2012年； Dann and Brunskill，2015年； Azar等。，2017年； Jin等。，2018，2020b）。但是，即使腐败仅限于一小部分回合，这些保证也可能会完全破裂。为了模拟MDP中的对抗性损坏，已经对一个称为对抗MDP的框架进行了敏锐的研究。在对抗性MDP中，允许对手在每回合中任意选择奖励功能，同时保持过渡内核固定（Neu等人。，2010b，a; Dick等。，2014年； Rosenberg and Mansour，2019年，2021年； Jin等。，2020a; Neu和Olkhovskaya，2020年； Lee等。，2020年； Chen and Luo，2021年；他等人。，2021; Luo等。，2021）。在此框架下，可以建立强大的次线性遗憾界限，这几乎与固定的奖励案例相匹配。值得注意的是，Jin和Luo（2020）； Jin等。（2021b）开发了在对抗奖励案例中实现近距离限制的算法，同时在静态案例中保留了依赖实例依赖的界限，这表明几乎可以在没有价格的情况下处理对抗奖励。
2024年5月10日会议地点：电信投票...
Altair (JuneSang Lee) AMD (Xilinx) (Bassam Mansour) Analog Devices Jermaine Lim-Abroguena Ansys Curtis Clark* Ansys Japan Satoshi Endo Applied Simulation Technology (Fred Balistreri) Aurora System (Dian Yang), Raj Raghuram Broadcom (Yunong Gan) Cadence Design Systems Kyle Lake, Ambrish Varma,贾里德·詹姆斯（Jared James），约翰·菲利普斯（John Phillips），克里斯托弗·斯凯特·塞抗阿（Sophia Feng）思科系统（Stephen Scearce），Hong-Man Wu Dassault Systemes（Stefan Paret）GE Healthcare Technologies（Balaji Sankarshanan） Telecomunicações (Abdelgader Abdalla) Intel Corporation Michael Mirmak*, Hsinho Wu*, Kinger Cai, Chi-te Chen Keysight Technologies Pegah Alavi, Ming Yan, David Banas, Fangyi Rao, HeeSoo Lee, Heidi Barnes Marvell Steven Parker* MathWorks Graham Kus*, Walter Katz* Micron Technology Justin Butterfield MST EMC Lab Chulsoon Hwang*, Zhiping Yang* Siemens EDA Weston Beal*, Arpad Muranyi*, Randy Wolff*, Matt Leslie, Scott Wedge, Todd Westerhoff, Zhichao Deng STMicroelectronics Anil-Kumar Dwivedi, Bhupendra Singh, Harsh Saini, Hemant Kumar Gangwar, Manda Padma Sindhuja，Manish Bansal，Nitin Kumar，Olivier Bayet，Pawan Verma，Pranav Singh，Pranav Singh，Rahul Kumar，Raushan Kumar，Shivam Soni，Shivam Soni，Gaurav Goel Synopsys Ted Mido*，（Andy Tai）中兴公司（中敏WEI），（Shunlin Zhu）Zuken（RalfBrüning）Zuken USA Lance Wang*
2024 年毕业典礼
FULLNAME CITIZENSHIP PROGRAM FULL NAME ADVISOR Yeteng Tian China Bioscience Mo Li Giuseppina Rosaria Briola Italy Bioscience Alfredo De Biasio Laura Sudupe Medinilla Spain Bioscience David Gomez-Cabrero Bothina Hussein Algashgari Saudi Arabia Bioscience Peiying Hong Lubna Fahad Alhudhali Saudi Arabia Bioscience Samir Hamdan Olga Douvropoulou Greece Bioscience Arnab Pain Mansour Mohammed Aldehaiman Saudi Arabia Bioscience Jasmeen Merzaban Wiam Fawzi Alsharif Saudi Arabia Bioscience Heribert Hirt Fatimah Rajeh Aljedaani Saudi Arabia Bioscience Ikram Blilou Nathaly Rodriguez Ortiz Colombia Bioscience Mark Alfred Tester Ainur Sharip Kazakhstan Bioscience Stefan Theodor Arold Radwa Kadry Kamel Egypt Bioscience Magdy M Mahfouz Ioannis Isaioglou Greece Bioscience Jasmeen Merzaban Arwa Alghuneim Saudi Arabia Bioscience Jasmeen Merzaban Abdullah Abdurahman Alghamdi 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Satoshi Habuchi Francisco Javier Guzman Vega 墨西哥 生物科学 Stefan Theodor Arold Abdulrahman Awad Alhabsi 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Magdy M Mahfouz Abdulelah Ahmad Alrashoudi 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Stefan Theodor Arold Aseel Othman Alsantely 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Rod Anthony Wing Amal Khalaf Alghamdi 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Heribert Hirt Dana Mohammed Al Kelabi 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Niveen Mohammad Khashab Gian Marco Messa 意大利 生物科学 Valerio Orlando Raushan Nugmanova 哈萨克斯坦 生物科学 Arnab Pain Hattan Ageel Boshah 沙特阿拉伯 生物科学 Fabian Schmidt Zenaida Stephania Stead 英国 生物科学 Arnab Pain Caroline Faith Askonas 美国 生物科学 Arnab Pain
2024关于密码学中故障检测和公差的研讨会（FDTC 2024）（目录）
Abdallah Fathy, Marvy Badr Monir Mansour, Memristive Coupled Neural Network Based Audio Signal Encryption .......................................................................................................................................................... 149 24.Tomasz Grzywalski, Dick Botteldooren, Automatic re-labeling of Google AudioSet for improved quality of learned features and pre-training ................................................................................................................... 155 25.Nur BanuHancı，İlkeKurt，Sezer Ulukaya，OğuzhanErdem，SibelGüler，Cem Uzun，Hybrid语音频谱 - 基于基于校友的深度学习（HVSC-DL）模型，用于检测帕金森氏病的检测 ............................................................................................................................................................... 161 26.tomasz grzywalski，Dick Botteldooren，Yanjue Song，Nilesh Madhu，使用深神经网络的显着声音提取，预测复杂的口罩.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Deepthi Kattula, P. Rajesh Kumar, Praveen B. Choppala, Multiple sampling with reduced resampling for particle filtering .................................................................................................................................................. 172 28.Bianca-Alexandra Zîrnă, Denis Mihailovschi, Mădălin Corneliu Frunzete, EMG Signal Acquisition and Processing for Muscle Contraction Classification ............................................................................................. 177 29.Alin Alexandru șerban, Mădălin frunzete, Traffic flow models and statistical analysis using compressed date from acquisition module ...............................................................................................................................Solomon Habtamu Tessema, Daruisz Bismor, Roman Wyżgolik, Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for Plasma-Mag Welding Process ...................................................................................................................................................Karolina Bronczyk，MichałAdamski，AgatadąBrowska，Adam Konieczka，Adamdąbrowski，来自各种Passnger Car发动机的污染物的二次污染物.. div>卡洛琳娜·布朗西克（Karolina Bronczyk），米歇·亚当斯基（MichałAdamski），阿加塔·dąbrowska，亚当·科尼克斯卡（Adam Konieczka），亚当·迪布罗斯基（Adamdąbrowski），PMS5003 formaldehyde传感器的准确性和交叉敏感性分析Damian Jankowski，Sebastian Szwaczyk，PawełKaczmarek，PrzemysławFścibiorek，Zbigniew Piotrowski，大数据技术在互联网资源处理系统中的有效应用 ................................................................................................................................................... 211
Khalifa Alduhoori Diana Hammoud Munir Mbarouk Nagia ... 机器学习中的科学硕士 本科目录2023–2024 供应链管理
Lemees Bougas Nada Nash Nasder Latifa Alshalaahi Amaan Memon Memon Khalifa Alduhoori Abduhoori Abdulaziz Sharif Sharif Sharif Khalid Aboukar Malak Malak Allan Diana diana diana hamoud Munir Munir Munir Munir Munir Munir Munir Munir Mbarouk Nagia abolyousr abolyousr abolyousr abolyousr abolyousr tabarek alfalahik alfalahik alfalahik alfalahik alfalahik alfalahik Abdelrahman Madkour Ahmed Ahmed Selim Abdelrahman Mohamed Mohammed al-Chawabkeh Abdallah el-Memam ahmed Gah a allllah omar sami Saleem salem khalifa omar khalifa omar salem sina sina sina mokhtari sina mokhtari mohamd gayad abdulah abdulah abdulah alssaadiii mohamd Bana Sous Jood Shinawi Layth jarai alisha faizan abdulrahman shoaib hafsah tahir tahir Mohammed Johnny Kortbawi Aya Zabalawi Omar Farrag Ahmad Mansour Amr Abu Abu Alhaj Ahmed Ahmed Saja Haja Haader Jumana jumana bakr amjad haasan haasan Zainah Zainah owaidah owaidah owaidah sama alabweh sama alabweh joel alabweh joel Dwayne Fonseca Ahmed Al Refay Meera Aliali Mahra Alhaias Fatialalmarashda Meera Meera Aldaw Mohamed Eid eid Aley Aley Eshra Salma Salma Shaarawi Abdelrahman Abdelrahman darwish Zain darwish Zain raisan raisan raisan ananya sudhanya sudheer sudheer ashrita Koshy Saba Hussain Keshav Ramesh Mahmoud Darwish Aadith Aadith Shankarnarayananananananananananananananananananananananananananananananananananananananana raa raaed Munshi vibha vibha bhavikatti muhmmad usmani usmani samir samir mahmir mahmod mahmoud mahmoud abdulah abdulah abdulah zahid youssef youssef youssef youssef youssef Elmadany Jawad Zabalawi Mohammed Ahmed Ahmed Fahad Alzara MHD Tameem Kabbani Ramziyya Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahman Karim El Khatib El Khatib Saeed Alhefeiti Samrin Samrin Salem Rhea rhea rhea srivastava srivastava srivastava nikita Nikita Miller Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed Sharafath ahamed Zibli Hanaa Sadoun Amro Alkhatib Abdelrahman Hamzeh Yazan Nasir Basel Kordi Faris Abdelrazeq Youssef Eld MOHAMED ELEBSHIY MoHAMED ABDELTABAWAAWAAAAMAAMAMAMAMAMAMAZEQ YOUSSEF Eld Sheikh Dina Baflah Fares Barake Sara Walid Ibrahim Kanan Ahmed Hisham Hisham Momen Aldahshan aldahshan faisal abu abu abed abed abed abed abe abed abe ibrahim bachir bachir alanood alhanood alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri alhajri barghouthi死于在封闭环境中甲苯蒸气方向的数学模型及其吸入速率 div>
纤维束成像通过测试：扩散成像的结果......
Gabriel Girard a , b , c , 1 , ∗ , Jonathan Rafael-Patiño b , c , 1 , Raphaël Truffet d , Dogu Baran Aydogan e , f , g , Nagesh Adluru h , i , Veena A. Nair i , Vivek Baraka and Prabhabra , Alexander Jr . , k , l , Sara Bosticardo m , n , Ilaria Gabusi m , o , Mario Ocampo-Pineda m , Matteo Battocchio m , p , Zuzana Piskorova m , q , Pietro Bontempi m , Simona Schiavi r , Alessandro Daducci m , fi Sandra Bostika , Stabi , Cisco Tomasz Pieciak s , u , Matteo Frigo v , Sara Sedlar v , Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier v , Ivana Koj chi ć v , Mauro Zucchelli v , Hiba Laghrissi v , ao , Yang Ji v , Rachid Deriche v , Kurt G Schilling w , Bennett w , Axman , Caccio and Cacci am , Gianpaolo Antonio Basile y , Salvatore Bertino y , Nancy Newlin x , Praitayini Kanakaraj x , Francois Rheault x , Patryk Filipiak z , Timothy M. Shepherd z , Ying-Chia Lin z , Dimitris G. Placantonakis aa , Ferna Ená . errez p , Alonso Ramírez-Manzanares ac , Ricardo Coronado-Leija z , Pablo Stack-Sánchez ac , Luis Concha ad , Maxime Descoteaux p , Sina Mansour L. ae , af , Caio Seguin af , ag , ah , Andrew Zalesky ae , af , c. Ye Wu aj , ak , Sahar Ahmad aj , Pew-Thian Yap aj , Antoine Théberge p , Florence Gagnon p , Frédéric Massi p , Rémy Fischi-Gomez a , b , c , Rémy Gardier c , Juan Luis Villarreal Haro c , Marco Piz c , Emma d'El Caru , Jellian ppe Thiran a , b , c
44-SMSC-Motion-to-Dismiss.pdf
Diva's Inc.诉Bangor市，411 F.3d 30（1 St Cir。2005）..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................诉Peabody Western Coal Co.，400 F.3d 774，780（9 Th Cir。 2005) ............... 11, 12 Edelman v. Jordan , 415 U.S. 651, 668 (1974) .................................................................. 27 Ex parte Young , 209 U.S. 123 (1908) ......................................................................... 24, 25 Ferguson v. SMSC Gaming Enterprise , 475 F. Supp. 2d 929（D.Minn。2007）................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1999) ............................. 33 Gaming Corp. of America v. Dorsey & Whitney , 88 F.3d 536 (8 th Cir. 1996）......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2020) ...................................................... 24 Green v. Mansour , 474 U.S. 64 (1985) ............................................................................. 26 Grubbs v. Sheakley Grp., Inc. , 807 F.3d 785 (6 th Cir. 2015) ............................................ 39 Hafer v. Melo , 502 U.S. 21 (1991) .................................................................................... 23 Hagen v. Sisseton-Wahpeton Cmty. coll。 ，205 F.3d 1040（第8 Cir。 2000) ........................ 20 Harlow v. Fitzgerald , 457 U.S. 800 (1982) ....................................................................... 31 Hartman v. Kickapoo Tribe Gaming Comm'n , 319 F.3d 1230 (10 th Cir. 2003）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3d 730（D.S.D. ，28 F.3d 1146（11 cir。 org。诉Peabody Western Coal Co.，400 F.3d 774，780（9 Th Cir。2005) ............... 11, 12 Edelman v. Jordan , 415 U.S. 651, 668 (1974) .................................................................. 27 Ex parte Young , 209 U.S. 123 (1908) ......................................................................... 24, 25 Ferguson v. SMSC Gaming Enterprise , 475 F. Supp.2d 929（D.Minn。2007）...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1999) ............................. 33 Gaming Corp. of America v. Dorsey & Whitney , 88 F.3d 536 (8 th Cir.1996）.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2020) ...................................................... 24 Green v. Mansour , 474 U.S. 64 (1985) ............................................................................. 26 Grubbs v. Sheakley Grp., Inc. , 807 F.3d 785 (6 th Cir.2015) ............................................ 39 Hafer v. Melo , 502 U.S. 21 (1991) .................................................................................... 23 Hagen v. Sisseton-Wahpeton Cmty.coll。，205 F.3d 1040（第8 Cir。2000) ........................ 20 Harlow v. Fitzgerald , 457 U.S. 800 (1982) ....................................................................... 31 Hartman v. Kickapoo Tribe Gaming Comm'n , 319 F.3d 1230 (10 th Cir.2003）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3d 730（D.S.D. ，28 F.3d 1146（11 cir。 org。2003）.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3d 730（D.S.D.，28 F.3d 1146（11 cir。org。2021) ............................................................ 40 Hein v. Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians , 201 F.3d 1256 (9 th Cir.2000) ................................................................................................................. 33 Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho , 521 U.S. 261 (1997) ..................................... 25, 26 In re Sac & Fox Tribe of Mississippi In Iowa/Meskwaki Casino Litigation , 340 F.3d 749 (8 TH CIR2003) ................................................................................................................. 32 Kentucky v. Graham , 473 U.S. 159 (1985) ................................................................. 24, 27 Kescoli v. Babbitt , 101 F.3d 1304 (9 th Cir.1996) ....................................................... 16, 17 Kickapoo Tribe v Babbitt , 43 F.3d 1491 (D.C. Cir.1995) ................................................ 20 Lac Du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Norton , 422 F.3d 490 (7 th Cir.2005) .......................................................................................... 28 LaRose v. United States Dep't of the Interior , 659 F. Supp.3d 996 (D. Minn. 2023) ...... 21 Larson v. Domestic & Foreign Commerce Corp. , 337 U.S. 682 (1949) .......................... 31 Lassiter v. Alabama A&M Univ.1994）...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v。Michigandep't of Corr。 ，774 F.3d 895（6 th cir。 2014）.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v。Michigandep't of Corr。，774 F.3d 895（6 th cir。2014）.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Co.，2013 WL 3327038（D.Conn。2013） 369 U.S. 643 (1962) ......................................................................... 31 Michigan Corr., 572 U.S. 782 (2014) ................................... 20, 24, 32 Miller v. Redwood Toxicology Lab., Inc. , 688 F.3d 928 (8 th Cir.2012) ........................... 36 Miller v. Wright , 705 F.3d 919 (9 th Cir.2013) .................................................................. 22 Nat'l R. R. Passenger Corp. v. Nat'l Ass'n of R. R. Passengers , 414 U.S. 453 (1974) ..... 32 Nucor Corp. v. Nebraska Public Power Dist.，891 F.2d 1343（第8 Cir。1989) .................. 20 Papasan v. Allain , 478 U.S. 265 (1986) ............................................................................ 28 Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians v. California , 813 F.3d 1155 (9 th Cir.2015）... 11 Pearson诉Callahan，555 U.S. 223（2009）…………………………………………………………
摘要 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的特征是因胰岛素分泌和/或胰岛素作用缺陷导致的慢性高血糖
摘要 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的特征是由于胰岛素分泌和/或胰岛素作用缺陷以及蛋白质和脂质代谢紊乱导致的慢性高血糖。糖尿病性血脂异常是早期患冠心病 (CHD) 的危险因素。电解质失衡在糖尿病患者中也很常见，并且可能导致发病率和死亡率增加。此外，糖尿病患者的贫血对生活质量有显著的不利影响。因此，早期发现贫血、血脂异常和电解质失衡可能会降低 2 型糖尿病并发症的患病率。本研究旨在评估 2 型糖尿病中贫血、血脂异常和电解质失衡的患病率和相关性。从 Zliten 医疗中心、Alkhoms & Zliten 的糖尿病和内分泌中心以及 Bin Haider 医学实验室收集了 50 名 2 型糖尿病患者的人口统计学、生化和临床数据。原始数据经过分类，然后用 SPSS 软件进行分析。结果表明，低镁血症是 2 型糖尿病患者 (42/50) 84% 的电解质失衡常见模式。高甘油三酯血症 (25/50) 50%、高 VLDL (25/50) 50% 和高 LDL- 胆固醇血症 (20/50) 40%。贫血在 2 型糖尿病患者中很常见，由血红蛋白水平决定，发现贫血率为 (39/50) 78%。此外，几乎所有研究患者 (49/50) 98% 的 2 型糖尿病都未得到控制。总之，在我们的研究中，贫血、血脂异常非常常见，高电解质失衡仅表现为低镁血症。引用这篇文章。 Alhwij I、Aborkis A、Alhaaj A、Ben Noor E、Ghazi M、Abu Weden M、Mansour Z。2 型糖尿病中的贫血、血脂异常和电解质失衡：一项分析性横断面研究。Alq J Med App Sci。2024；7(4)：1393-1400。https://doi.org/10.54361/ajmas.247468 引言 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是一种涉及多个器官系统的复杂疾病。T2DM 的病理生理学与胰腺以外的多个系统有关。骨骼肌葡萄糖再摄取减少、肝脏葡萄糖生成增加、肠道肠促胰岛素作用（促进血糖水平降低的代谢激素）减弱、胰腺α细胞胰高血糖素分泌增加、脂肪细胞脂肪分解增加、肾脏葡萄糖潴留增加，甚至大脑下丘脑胰岛素抵抗，均导致 2 型糖尿病的病理 (1)。