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单语和双语儿童的认知能力
方法：从2021年到2022年，当前病例对照研究的统计人群包括伊朗德黑兰省的所有单语和双语学生（8-11岁）。使用便利抽样方法，选择了56名单语小学生（28名男孩和28个女孩）和56名双语小学生（28个男孩和28个女孩），并就情报和社会经济地位进行了匹配。双语小组的所有成员在进入小学之前就学会了第二语言。我们使用了威斯康星州卡排序测试（WCST）的计算机版本，Stroop Color和Word Test的计算机化版本（SCWT），Kim Kim Karad Visual Memory Test（KKVMT），Wechsler的数字跨度测试（WDST）以及Raven的彩色渐进式矩阵（RCPM）测试。通过描述性统计数据和方差多变量分析（MANOVA）分析了数据。
怀孕期间暴露于双语或单语产妇的演讲会影响新生儿的语音的神经生理编码
然而，产前时期并非没有语言经验，研究了其对新生儿言语和语言编码能力的影响正在受到越来越多的关注。听力变得功能性，并在妊娠的第26至28周左右经历了大部分发育，从而使胎儿能够感知孕产妇的语音信号（Ruben，1995; Moore and Linthicum，2007; Granier-Deferre等，2011; May et al。，2011; Anbuhl et al。，2016年）。尽管尚未完全了解到达胎儿的声学信号的确切特征，但动物模型的宫内记录和模拟表明，母体子宫作为低通滤波器的作用，在600-1,000 Hz的频率上减弱了约30 dB（Gerhardt和Abrams和Abrams，2000年）。通过子宫传播的语音的低频组成部分包括音高，节奏的缓慢方面和一些语音信息（Moon and Fifer，2000； May等，2011）。Evidence indicates that prenatal exposure to speech, despite attenuated by the filtering properties of the womb, shapes speech perception and linguistic preferences of newborns, as shown by studies revealing that neonates can recognize a story heard frequently in utero ( DeCasper and Spence, 1986 ), prefer the voice of their mother ( DeCasper and Fifer, 1980 ) and prefer their native language ( Moon et al., 1993 ).此外，产前学习超出了这些共同的偏好。最近的发现表明，婴儿获得了韵律的特定知识
医学与健康期刊的简单语言摘要
Plain Language Summaries in Medicine & Health Journals The following Medicine & Health journals published under the Taylor & Francis imprint accept Text and Graphical Plain Language Summaries (PLS) (also known as ‘within-article' PLS) and offer open access publication: Autoimmunity Bioanalysis BioTechniques Biomarkers in Medicine CNS Oncology Colorectal Cancer Current Medical Research and Opinion Epigenomics Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Expert Review of Hematology Expert Review of Medical Devices Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Expert Review of Ophthalmology Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development Expert Review of Proteomics Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Expert Review of Vaccines Future Cardiology Future内分泌学和代谢未来药物化学未来微生物学未来神经病学未来肿瘤罕见疾病未来病毒学肠道微生物
对单语言和双语说话者之间内部语音的定量分析
Table 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 22