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中东战争：继石油和天然气之后，对矿产紧缩的担忧加剧
中东战争引发的霍尔木兹海峡航运危机暴露了一个新的威胁：驱动全球经济发展的战略矿产迫在眉睫的短缺，以及各国竞相获取这些矿产。
来源:联合国新闻»经济发展Until war erupted on 28 February with the Israeli-US bombing of Iran and counterstrikes across Gulf States, a wide range of key minerals and related products was available, according to the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
But as the conflict goes on, the pressure has increased to obtain these same raw materials, to ensure the continuing production of everything from semiconductors to solar panels.
The result has been higher prices on commodities markets and a potential pivot to new production sites where there’s less geopolitical uncertainty, increasing the number of countries that can process minerals such as rare earths.
硫、氦和石脑油冲击
“The impact of the Gulf War, it is not only in the energy market, it's been impacting some sub-products coming from oil” such as sulphur, helium and naphtha - said Dario Liguti, Director of UNECE’s Sustainable Energy Division.
All are byproducts of oil refining and used in a wide range of manufacturing applications, from fertilizers to insecticides, plastics and matches, along with cooling and semiconductor production.
石脑油是炼油的另一种副产品，也是化学工业的关键组成部分。
“The first reaction – besides of course the increase in prices – will be industries lowering their use and therefore lowering their production…whether it's solar panels, whether it's magnets, whether it's batteries, et cetera, going forward,” Mr. Liguti maintained.
Before the war, a full 30 per cent of the world's production of sulphur - which is used in metals processing - transited through the Strait of Hormuz.
但那时每天约有 140 艘船只通过这条重要的贸易航道。如今，由于船只遭到袭击以及伊朗和美国之间因使用该海峡而持续对峙，航运几乎陷入停滞。
“因此，随着时间的推移，这将首先对价格产生越来越大的影响……然后再对设备的可用性产生越来越大的影响。”