「 「 「 「上有政策上有政策上有政策上有政策, , , ,下有对策下有对策下有对策下有对策」: 」: 」: 」: People Respond to Incentives! • Central Planning in Soviet Union: “…if the plan merely calls for tonnages of output, there is every incentive to skimp on design or finish or quality, in order to concentrate on sheer weight .” – The Economic Problem (1970), by Robert L. Heilbroner • Interesting cartoon in Krokodil (Russian satirical magazine):