The risk of GI symptoms/ toxicity is increased in the following cases: • age 65 years or older • history of gastroduodenal ulcer, perforation or GI bleeding • concomitant use of medication known to increase risk of upper GI adverse events, eg aspirin, anticoagulants, corticosteroids, SSRIs,SNRIs, NSAIDs • serious co-morbidity eg cardiovascular disease,肾脏或肝损害,糖尿病,高血压,伴随着高酒精摄入量 - 如果患者开始使用低剂量阿司匹林后出现胃肠道症状,请建议他们减少其酒精摄入量 - 如果GI症状不减少,则应考虑胃肠外应能,请考虑使用•nsaid和/或oral Corortsicperns的持续时间•需要•使用较高的剂量(等剂量)• 2400毫克/天或萘普生1Gram/day)