Economic and Political change: • David Breeze talks of a gradual and enduring coalescence of tribes beyond the empire in their bid to oppose the Roman forces • Ptolemy's Geography lists twelve tribes north of the Forth in the 2 nd century but by the end of the century only the Caledonians and Maeatae are mentioned • Dio, writing in the 3 rd century refers to the Caledonians, stating that ‘the names of the others have been included在这些' - 指示合并的指示•到3世纪,提到PICTS(AD 314的Verona名单)提出了进一步的合并,引用了Scoti,Picti和Caledonii,而不是托勒密的12个部落,而不是托勒密的12个部落)•ROME•在北部的北部国家,以1960年的方式刺激了北部的北方国家,并将其刺激为一名季后法,并将其录制为单一的国家,并将其录制为一句话。天然定居模式的变化 - 从防御范围但没有防御性的转变(G Jobey,Hownam fort)•扫盲的提示 - 来自特拉普林法律的ABCD石头•偶尔的地名:例如,Kirkintilloch是盖尔语的盖尔语,``Ridge of Ridge of Ridge'''''。