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A.General .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.Scope of Bid ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.Source of Funds .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 3.Fraud and Corruption .................................................................................................................................................... 5 4.Eligible Bidders ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 5.Eligible Goods and Related Services ........................................................................................................................... 7 B.Contents of Bidding Document ........................................................................................................ 7 6.Sections of Bidding Document ................................................................................................................................... 7 7.Clarification of Bidding Documents ............................................................................................................................ 8 8.Documents Establishing the Eligibility of the Bidder ............................................................................................ 11 17.Amendment of Bidding Documents ........................................................................................................................... 8 C. Preparation of Bids ............................................................................................................................ 8 9.Cost of Bidding................................................................................................................................................................ 8 10.Language of Bid ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 11.Documents Comprising the Bid ................................................................................................................................... 8 12.Bid Submission Sheet and Price Schedules ................................................................................................................ 9 13.Alternative Bids ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 14.Bid Prices and Discounts ............................................................................................................................................. 10 15.Currencies of Bid .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 16.Documents Establishing the Eligibility of Goods and Related Services............................................................. 11 18.12 19。文件，确定商品及相关服务的合规性。Documents Establishing the Qualifications of the Bidder .................................................................................... 12 20.Period of Validity of Bids ............................................................................................................................................ 12 21.Bid Security .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 22.Format and Signing of Bid .......................................................................................................................................... 13 D. Submission and Opening of Bids .................................................................................................... 13 23.Sealing and Marking of Bids ........................................................................................................................................ 14 24.Deadline for Submission of Bids ................................................................................................................................ 14 25.Late Bids ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 26.撤回，替代和修改出价...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Bid Opening ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 E. Evaluation and Comparison of Bids ............................................................................................... 15 28.Confidentiality ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 29.Clarification of Bids ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 30.Responsiveness of Bids ................................................................................................................................................ 16 31.不合格，错误和遗漏............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16 32。Preliminary Examination of Bids ............................................................................................................................... 17 33.审查条款和条件；技术评估...............................................................................Conversion to Single Currency ................................................................................................................................... 17 35.Margin of Preference .................................................................................................................................................... 17 36.Evaluation of Bids ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 37.Comparison of Bids ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 38.Post-qualification of the Bidder .................................................................................................................................. 19 39.Procuring and Disposal Entity's Right to Accept Any Bid, and to Reject Any or All Bids ............................ 19 F. Award of Contract............................................................................................................................ 19 40.Award Criteria ................................................................................................................................................................ 19 41.Procuring and Disposal Entity's Right to Vary Quantities at Time of Award ................................................... 19 42.Notification of Award .................................................................................................................................................. 19 43.Signing of Contract ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 44.Performance Security.................................................................................................................................................... 20
思维 - 外尘盘结构对向内盘挥发性递送的影响
上下文。Atacama大毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）透露，原始盘的毫米灰尘结构极为多样，从小而紧凑的灰尘盘到具有多个环和间隙的大型灰尘盘。已经提出，内部圆盘中H 2 O发射的强度特别取决于外盘中的冰卵石的涌入，这一过程将与外尘盘半径相关，并且可以通过压力凸起来预防。此外，灰尘结构还应影响内盘中其他气体物种的发射。由于陆地行星可能在内部圆盘区域形成，因此了解其组成是感兴趣的。目标。这项工作旨在评估压降对内盘分子储层的影响。存在尘埃间隙，并可能在圆盘上较远的巨型行星形成，可能会影响内盘的组成，从而影响陆地行星的构建块。方法。使用詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）空间望远镜（JWST）上中红外仪器（MIRI）中型仪器（MIRI）中型培养物（MRI）的敏感性和光谱分辨率与Spitzer相比，我们比较了H2 O，H2 O，HCN，C 2 H 2的观察性发射特性，并与Alma观察的二张外粉丝观察，并确认二张外的盘中，并在ALMA观察中进行杂物，并在ALMA观察中涂鸦，并在Alma观察中涂鸦，并在Alma观察中，在Alma观察中，中间涂抹量宽度有数十个天文单位的椎间盘，周围有m⋆≥0的恒星。45m⊙。 结果。 我们发现，尘埃间隙的存在并不一定会导致H 2 O发射弱。45m⊙。结果。我们发现，尘埃间隙的存在并不一定会导致H 2 O发射弱。我们使用了新的可见性平面拟合ALMA数据来确定外尘盘半径并识别盘中的子结构。此外，相对缺乏较冷的H 2 O-发射似乎与含碳物种的发射升高有关。，大多数显示碳种类可检测到的发射。盘子和极宽的圆盘似乎作为一个有点独立的群体，具有更强的冷H 2 O发射和弱温暖的H 2 O发射。结论。我们得出的结论是，即使对于具有非常宽的间隙或空腔的盘子，完全阻塞径向尘埃似乎很难实现，这仍然可以显示出明显的冷H 2 O发射。但是，椎间盘之间似乎确实存在二分法，这些椎间盘表现出强烈的冷H 2 O和显示出HCN和C 2 H 2的强烈发射的二分法。对外灰尘盘结构和内盘组成的影响的更好限制需要有关子结构形成时间尺度和圆盘年龄的更多信息，以及将（CO和CO 2）等（Hyper）挥发物（如CO和CO 2）捕获的重要性，例如H 2 O（例如H 2 O），以及CO的化学转化，将CO转化为挥发性较小的物种。
人造雷电弹技术（ATEB）
重现和控制这些能量现象。人造雷电炸弹 (ATEB) 代表了这一方向的创新飞跃，旨在以受控的武器形式复制雷电的破坏力。ATEB 被认为是一种能够产生集中放电的装置，其特性类似于自然雷声，能够精确而有效地释放能量。与传统炸药或传统电武器不同，ATEB 使用高压放电来模拟闪电的影响，为有针对性的破坏、能量释放和大气操纵提供了一种潜在的革命性方法。虽然这个概念可能看起来很不寻常，但它满足了军事、环境和科学应用对先进能源技术日益增长的需求。本研究论文旨在探索 ATEB 的设计、原理和应用，深入研究这种系统带来的技术挑战和机遇。除了研究其作为新型武器的潜力外，该研究还探讨了其对发电、灾害管理和大气研究的更广泛影响。随着我们进入高能物理与实际应用相交叉的时代，ATEB 提供了一个有趣的例子，说明如何利用自然现象进行现代应用，为理论和应用科学开辟新的领域。雷声物理学当闪电击中时，附近的空气会升温至约 30,000 K，导致近乎瞬间的膨胀并产生冲击波。这种波在大气中传播，产生雷声特有的声音。雷声雷声是闪电击中大气时产生的声音。它的发生是由于闪电击中大气时产生的快速