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As a key factor in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and metastasis, the biological properties, metabolic adaptations and immune escape mechanisms of CSCs are the focus of current oncological research.CSCs possess self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and tumorigenicity, and their mechanisms of action can be elucidated by the clonal evolution, hierarchical model and the dynamic CSCs model, of which the dynamic model is widely recognized due to its better explanation of the function and origin of CSCs.The origin hypothesis of CSCs involves cell-cell fusion, horizontal gene transfer, genomic instability and microenvironmental regulation, which together shape the diversity of CSCs.In terms of classi fi cation, CSCs include primary CSCs (pri-CSCs), precancerous stem cells (pre-CSCs), migratory CSCs (mig-CSCs), and chemo-radiotherapy-resistant CSCs (cr-CSCs and rr-CSCs), with each type playing a speci fi c role in tumor progression.Surface markers of CSCs, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133, CD166, EpCAM, and LGR5, offer the possibility of identifying, isolating, and targeting CSCs, but the instability and heterogeneity of their expression increase the dif fi culty of treatment.CSCs have adapted to their survival needs through metabolic reprogramming, showing the ability to fl exibly switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adjustments to amino acid and lipid metabolism.The Warburg effect typi fi es their metabolic pro fi les, and altered glutamine and fatty acid metabolism further contributes to the rapid proliferation and survival of CSCs.CSC能够通过调节代谢网络来保持其干性特征,增强抗氧化剂防御并适应治疗应力来维持其干性。免疫逃生是CSC维持其生存的另一种策略,CSC可以通过诸如调节PD-L1表达的机制有效地逃避免疫监视,并促进免疫抑制性微环境的形成。一起,这些特性揭示了CSC的多维复杂性,强调了对CSC生物学对开发更有效肿瘤治疗策略的发展的重要性。将来,针对CSC的疗法将集中于表面标记物的精确鉴定,代谢途径的干预以及克服免疫逃生,以改善癌症治疗的相关性和效率,并最终改善患者的预后。
*Conditions for quotations submitters who do not hold the all-ministry uniform qualification (1) Business operators certified under the "Business Continuity Strengthening Plan" or "Joint Business Continuity Strengthening Plan" under the Small and Medium Enterprise Management Strengthening Act (2) If not certified, an entity that can prove that it has been consistently concluding contracts of the same scale as small-amount contracts 4. Place to issue specifications, place to indicate contract clauses, etc., and contact point for inquiries and submissions Postal code: 486-8550 Address: No. 1, Nishiyama-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi Prefecture Contracting organization (person in charge): Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Kasugai Garrison, 408th Accounting Unit, Kasugai Detachment, Contracting Section (person in charge: Ogata) Telephone number: (ext.) 0568-81-7183 (ext.: 377, 378) Fax number: 0568-81-9072
◆关于研究内容Shimokawa Kohei,Tohoku大学金属材料研究所高级和进化研究部电话:022-215-2390电子邮件:Kohei.shimokawa.b7@tohoku.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.jp教授,结构控制材料材料研究部,TOHOKU CORIPESS RESICATION,TOHIM RESICATION-METAR RESSICY nimr:0.02222222222内戈亚技术学院工程研究生院Frontier研究所U.Ac.JP教授电话:052-735-5189电子邮件:masanobu@nitech.ac.ac.ac.jp◆关于报告信息计划办公室公共关系团队,Tohoku大学金属材料研究所传真:022-215-2482电子邮件:pro-adm.tohoku.ac.jp计划和公共关系部,纳戈亚技术研究所电话:052-735-5647电子邮件:pr@adm.nitech.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.ac.jp公共关系部,日本科学和技术机构电话:03-5214-8404-14-32-14 33-22 .jp(关于JST业务)Oya Katsu,日本科学与技术局的未来创建研发促进部电话:03-3512-3543电子邮件:alca@jst.go.jp
S. Sang 和 TH Hsieh,Phys.牧师研究 3, 023200 (2021)。 A. Lavasani、Y. Alavirad 和 M. Barkeshli,Nat.物理。 17, 342–347 (2021)。
关于共生法学院,浦那共生法学院,浦那是共生国际(认为是大学)的组成部分,并一直在印度政府NIRF国家级NIRF中始终在该国的前十名法学院中排名。它是印度最私人法学院。律师委员会已于2013年授予SLS Pune获得金星奖。还符合成为法律机构全球网络的核心合作伙伴,Erasmus Mundus,DAAD(德国学术交流服务)(德国学术交流服务)与汉诺威大学的双边教师交流赠款,与汉诺威大学,布鲁恩斯威克欧洲法学院奥斯法利亚大学,德国,德国,德国。SLS Pune是美国国际法学院协会(IALS)和新加坡亚洲法律研究所的成员。
摘要 本文研究了量子态可能具有的各种被认为特有的“量子”性质(纠缠、非局域性、可控性、负条件熵、非零量子不一致性、非零量子超不一致性以及语境性)及其对立面。本文还在以下意义上考虑了它们的“绝对”对应物:如果给定状态在任意幺正变换后仍然具有给定属性,则它绝对地具有该属性。总结了所列属性之间以及它们的绝对对应物之间的已知关系。证明了唯一绝对具有零量子不一致性的两量子比特状态是最大混合态。最后,讨论了有关“经典”和“量子”这两个术语的概念问题。
IHS Markit 分析师连续第五年将华为评为全球第一大光伏逆变器供应商。这家中国制造商、IT 和电信巨头自 2015 年以来一直占据这一榜首。华为在全球光伏行业的成功有多种因素。首先,该公司的技术非常先进,并且通过越来越多地利用其 IT 和电信专业知识来提供智能光伏解决方案。其次,该公司的品牌在全球范围内享有盛誉,质量上乘,性价比高。第三,该公司为各个细分市场提供规模化解决方案,从住宅太阳能到商业和工业以及公用事业规模的光伏,并且对于每个市场,公司都为客户提供有竞争力的平准化能源成本 (LCOE)。
