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PE767.685V02-00书面答案E-000007/2025 ...
1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/txt/?uri=celex:32023r1542。 2 The autonomy of an electric vehicle can be reduced by 10 % at temperatures just below 0° C, and by up to 40 % at very low temperatures, below ‑ 10° C. 3 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1804 4 The EU has set targets for the development of alternative fuels 基础设施。 然而，尽管欧盟对替代燃料基础设施部署（AFIR）的部署法规不包含有关旅游目的地的任何特定规定，但对成员国施加的一般义务，以开发替代燃料补给和加油的基础设施也可能使旅游区受益。1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/txt/?uri=celex:32023r1542。2 The autonomy of an electric vehicle can be reduced by 10 % at temperatures just below 0° C, and by up to 40 % at very low temperatures, below ‑ 10° C. 3 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1804 4 The EU has set targets for the development of alternative fuels 基础设施。然而，尽管欧盟对替代燃料基础设施部署（AFIR）的部署法规不包含有关旅游目的地的任何特定规定，但对成员国施加的一般义务，以开发替代燃料补给和加油的基础设施也可能使旅游区受益。
欧盟最终确定的“适合 55 国”方案中有关运输燃料的规定
2021 年 7 月，欧盟委员会发布了“Fit for 55”一揽子计划，旨在实现欧盟到 2030 年将温室气体 (GHG) 排放量与 1990 年水平相比减少 55% 的目标。当时，ICCT 发布了一份政策更新，重点关注强制在交通运输中使用替代燃料的提案。1 从那时起，每一份立法文件都经过成员国理事会、欧洲议会和欧盟委员会之间的普通立法程序，以修改文件并协商达成妥协。本政策更新概述了重铸的可再生能源指令 (RED III)、ReFuelEU 航空法规和 FuelEU 海事法规的最终修订。替代燃料基础设施法规 (AFIR) 的最终规定在单独的政策更新中描述。2
消费者监视器2023国家报告：意大利
欧洲绿色协议的目标是减少90％的温室气体排放量。实现此目标的不同政策，包括有关CO 2车辆排放，公共采购规则的标准，或最近采用的替代燃料基础设施法规（AFIR）1，2，2，3。尽管如此，在2019年，运输部门负责欧盟总CO 2排放量的四分之一，其中60.6％由乘用车发射。乘用车仍然是主要运输模式，自2000年以来一直在增加其份额。用零排放车辆代替现有的车队是为此目的确定的关键措施之一。已经为推广电动汽车做出了重要的努力，因此，（潜在）电池电动机的主要障碍和需求可以支持设计和实施量身定制的策略，政策和解决方案，以刺激对这类车辆的需求。
消费者监视器2023国家报告：斯洛文尼亚
欧洲绿色协议的目标是减少90％的温室气体排放量。实现此目标的不同政策，包括有关CO 2车辆排放，公共采购规则的标准，或最近采用的替代燃料基础设施法规（AFIR）1，2，2，3。尽管如此，在2019年，运输部门负责欧盟总CO 2排放量的四分之一，其中60.6％由乘用车发射。乘用车仍然是主要运输模式，自2000年以来一直在增加其份额。用零排放车辆代替现有的车队是为此目的确定的关键措施之一。已经为推广电动汽车做出了重要的努力，因此，（潜在）电池电动机的主要障碍和需求可以支持设计和实施量身定制的策略，政策和解决方案，以刺激对这类车辆的需求。
车轮上的电池 - 运输与环境
在2019 - 2024年欧盟立法周期中采用了刺激清洁卡车的关键法规。新的Eurovignette指令引入了CO 2的收费，以激励从污染的柴油卡车到零发射车辆（ZEVS）的转变，而替代性燃料基础设施监管（AFIR）授权欧盟成员国向HDVS推出公共充电和加油网络。HDV的CO 2排放标准的修订要求车辆制造商可以增加汽车销售，并通过排放交易系统2（ETS2）定价道路运输排放，从而创造了减少化石燃料使用的市场激励措施。但是，在委员会提案提出的一年半后，欧盟仍然必须就重量和维度（W＆D）指令的审查达成共识（请参见下图）。
E.DSO 关于 V2G 充电机制的技术论文
AC 交流电 AFIR 替代燃料基础设施监管 CPO 充电点运营商 DER 分布式能源 DC 直流电 DSO 配电系统运营商 EHV 超高压 EU 欧洲 EV 电动汽车 EVSE 电动汽车供电设备 FRT 故障穿越 HV 高压 LFSM-O 电动汽车限频敏感模式 LFSM-U 电动汽车限频敏感模式 LV 低压 MV 中压 NC DC 网络代码 需求连接 NC DR 网络代码 需求响应 NC RfG 网络代码对发电机的要求 OCPP 开放充电点协议 OEM 原始设备制造商 RoCoF 频率变化率 SoC 充电状态 TSO 输电系统运营商 V1G 车对网（单向充电） V2G 车对网 V2X 车对万物
2024-03-Policy-Eujapan-Automotive-Environmental.pdf
ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers Association ADAS – Advanced driver-assistance system AFIR – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Regulation AVERE - European Association for Electromobility AV – Autonomous Vehicles CAGR - Compound Annual Growth Rate CAPR - Climate Action Progress Report CASE - Connectivity, Automation, Sharing, and Electrification CBAM - Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism CO2 - Carbon Dioxide COP - Conference of the Parties DWIH - The German Centre for Research and Innovation EC – European Commission EEA – European Environmental Agency EPA – Economic Partnership Agreement ETS – Emission Trading System EU - European Union EV – Electric Vehicles FCV – Fuel Cell Vehicles GHG - Greenhouse Gas ICE - Internal Combustion Engine ILO - International Labour Organization JAMA - Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association LCV - Light Commercial Vehicles METI - Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry MFTBC - Mitsubishi Fuso卡车和公交公司MLIT。- Ministry of Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MOC - Memorandum of Cooperation MOU – Memorandum of Understanding NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer R&D - Research & Development SAE - Society Autonomous Engineers SDGs - Sustainable Development Goals TEN-T - Trans-European Transport Network TMC - Toyota Motor Corporation TME - Toyota Motor Europe UN – United Nations UNECE-联合国欧洲经济委员会WP.29-世界贸易组织协调世界贸易组织
电动汽车充电基础设施策略2022-2025
AC Alternating current AFIR Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation BESS Battery energy storage system BEV Battery electric vehicle CAF Climate Action Fund CCS Combined charging system CAP Climate Action Plan CARO Climate Action Regional Office CCMA County and City Management Association CRU Commission for Regulation of Utilities DAA Dublin Airport Authority DC Direct current DoT Department of Transport ECA European Court of Auditors ERS Electric roads systems ESBN Electricity Supply Board Networks eSPSV Electric small public service vehicle EU European Union EV Electric vehicle EVPP Electric Vehicle Policy Pathway GDP Gross domestic product HGV/HDV Heavy goods/duty vehicle HPC High power charger ICE Internal combustion engine IEA International Energy Agency LDV Light Duty Vehicle LEV Low-emission vehicle LGMA Local Government Management Agency MaREI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine NEWKD North East West Kerry Development NSAI National Standards Authority of Ireland NTA National Transport Authority OEM Original equipment manufacturer OGP Office of Government Procurement PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PMO Project Management Office SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland SFI Science Foundation Ireland SIMI Society of the Irish Motor Industry T&E Transport and Environment TEN-T Trans-European Transport Network TII Transport Infrastructure Ireland UK OSEV United Kingdom Office for Zero Emission Vehicles UN United Nations V2G Vehicle-to-Grid V2H Vehicle-to-House Zevi零排放车爱尔兰
气候行动计划2023 ACTION ANTENX
ABP An Bord Pleanála ACA Agricultural Consultants Association AD Anaerobic Digestion AFIR Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation BnM Bord na Móna BCP Broadband Connection Point BER Building Energy Rating BEREC Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications BIK Benefit in Kind BIM An Bord Iascaigh Mhara CADB Climate Action Delivery Board CAP Climate Action Plan CAP Common Agricultural Policy CARO Climate Action Regional Office CC23 Climate Conversations 2023 CCCC Climate Communications Coordination Committee CCAC Climate Change Advisory Council CCMA County and City Management Association CCIM Climate Change in the Irish Mind CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CECLT Citizen Engagement and Climate Literacy Taskforce CEP Clean Export Premium ComReg Commission for Communications Regulation CRU The Commission for Regulation of Utilities KIC Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC)二氧化碳二氧化碳CO2EQ。二氧化碳等效的CSO中央统计办公室CSP共同的农业政策战略计划DART都柏林地区快速运输Daera农业，环境和农村事务部（英国）DAFM农业，食品和海洋士兵部儿童平等，残疾人，整合，整合，整合和及环境和通信的dafm农业，食品和海洋士兵部门，环境和通信，及环境和通讯，并将 Science DETE Department of Enterprise, Trade, and Employment DFA Department of Foreign Affairs D/FIN Department of Finance D/Health Department of Health DHLGH Department of Housing, Local Government, and Heritage D/Transport Department of Transport DPER Department of Public Expenditure and Reform DMURS Design Manual for Urban Roads and Streets DRCD Department of Rural and Community Development DSP Department of Social Protection D/Taoiseach Department of the Taoiseach DTCAGSM Department of旅游，文化，艺术，盖尔塔特，体育和媒体EDRRS增强了退役，康复和恢复计划EGFSN未来技能的专家小组，需要EI Enterprise Ireland Ireland Eip Eroper Euroland Innovation Innovation Enerovation eit Eutor欧洲欧洲创新与技术EMRA EMRA东部和Midland Regional Regional Indortional Institute