图1。Aims of the consultation process summarised ........................................................... 5 Figure 2.Consultation process – planning, design, and key outputs ........................................ 6 Figure 3.所有咨询过程概述...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................参与所有咨询过程:模式和数字.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Aspects of ALND the Strategy should focus on ......................................................... 19 Figure 6.Daily activities supported by ALND ........................................................................... 20 Figure 7.Alnd的人发现最困难的...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Barriers to ALND ....................................................................................................... 22 Figure 9.How to encourage, promote and raise awareness of ALND .................................... 23 Figure 10.How to bridge the digital divide ............................................................................. 24 Figure 11.数字鸿沟的影响...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Specific actions to encourage, develop and promote ALND .................................. 26 Figure 13.针对优先级同伙的特定方法....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
女性乳腺癌是全球第二常见的癌症,占所有癌症的11.6%,是与癌症相关死亡的第三个常见原因,占所有此类死亡的6.9%(1)。在印度,乳腺癌是最常见的女性癌症 - 占女性癌症的28.5%(2)。在一个多世纪以来,腋窝淋巴结清扫被认为是非静态乳腺癌治疗治疗方法的组成部分。可能的好处包括去除涉及的节点的治疗影响,从而导致可容纳辅助治疗的微观残留肿瘤负担,以及对辅助化疗和/或放射疗法建议的预测影响。Halsted在1896年报道了自由基乳房切除术的结局(包括乳房的切除,胸腔和小肌肉以及I级,II和III,II和III腋窝淋巴结(3)。patey在1948年推出了胸大肌主要的保留技术(4)。Auchincloss(1950)也提出了对胸大肌未成年人的保存。他还引入了腋窝淋巴结手术的第一次降级,而省略了III级节点的解剖(5)。通过以下事实证实了这种方法,即在没有正级I和/或II节点的情况下,正级III节点的发生率仅为1-3%(6),并且具有更好的认识和更新技术的出现,乳腺癌的流行病学已经变为介绍时的早期阶段。辅助疗法的更大可用性和疗效已导致乳腺癌的过度存活率提高到目前的数字约为90%(7)。淋巴水肿,异常和肩痛。这导致了对腋窝剖析的作用的更加集中研究,尤其是在与之相关的重要合并症的背景下。NSABP B-04试验是第一个随机证据,在接受根治性乳房切除术,全乳房切除术或全部乳房切除术和区域辐照的总乳房切除术中,DFS或OS没有显着差异,这提出了有关这组患者ALND作用的问题(8)。下一个重要的突破以CN0乳腺癌中的前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)的形式出现。NSABP B-32与ALND相比,建立了SLNB的安全性和功效,其前哨节点检测率和准确性较低,较低的假阴性率(FNR)(9)。该试验将SLNB确立为CN0乳腺癌的护理标准,仅在SLNB+患者中提供了完整的ALND。Acosog Z0011试验的出版物对此范式提出了质疑。它表明,在CT1-2乳腺癌患者和1-2个接受乳腺疗法手术和全乳腺放射治疗(WBRT)治疗的阳性前哨淋巴结(WBRT)中,在接受ALND的患者与仅观察的患者之间没有OS或DFS差异(10)。有趣的是,在完整的ALND组中,有27%的患者在节点中患有残留疾病。两组之间没有生存差异(11)。EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS试验在完成ALND