最近对英属维尔京群岛(“ BVI”)关于经济物质(“ ES规则”)1的规则的变化提醒人们,需要熟悉BVI国际税务机构(“ ITA”)围绕税收居住的详细规则,当时围绕税收居住的实体在BVI经济物质制度下采用相关活动的实体是对非BVI税收的实质性的,而不是BVI的经济范围。此行业更新考虑了2024年4月更新的相关规则。BVI经济物质制度的范围BVI经济物质制度适用于在经济物质金融期内进行相关活动的法人实体2,不包括“非居民公司”和“非居民有限伙伴关系”。此更新规定了根据最近更新的ES规则,适用于在经济物质制度下出于BVI以外居住的法人实体的规则。
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _____________________
(7) The ATC system is a hierarchical and coded four-level system, which classifies medicinal products by class according to their indication, therapeutic use, composition, and mode of action (“MoA”). In the first and broadest level (ATC 1), medicinal products are divided into the 16 anatomical main groups. The second level (ATC 2) is either a pharmacological or therapeutic group. The third level (ATC 3) further groups medicinal products by their specific therapeutic indications. Finally, 3 Turnover calculated in accordance with Article 5(1) of the Merger Regulation and the Commission Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice (OJ C95, 16.4.2008, p. 1). 4 FDPs refer to the finished dosage form of pharmaceutical products, which, in other words, are ready to be used by customers. FDPs contain (i) an active pharmaceutical ingredient (or “API”, which correspond to the component present within the product that provides the pharmacological action in the body, e.g. acetyl salicylic acid in an aspirin tablet), or a combination of APIs and (ii) other excipients. 5 See, for example, cases M.8974 – Procter & Gamble / Merck Consumer Health Business, decision of 27.8.2018; M.7919 – Sanofi/Boehringer Ingelheim Consumer healthcare Business, decision of 4.8.2016; M.6969 – Valeant Pharmaceuticals International/Bausch & Lomb Holdings, decision of 5.8.2013; M.5778 – Novartis/Alcon, decision of 9.8.2010; M.7276 – GlaxoSmithKline/ Novartis Vaccines Business (Excl. Influenza) / Novartis Consumer Health Business, decision of 28.1.2015; M.5865 – Teva / Ratiopharm, decision of 3.8.2010; and M.8889 – Teva / PGT OTC , decision of 29.1.2010.
纤维增强塑料(或复合材料)由于具有高的特异性刚度和强度而广泛用于许多高级工程结构中。复合材料的主要缺点是它们对内部伤害特征的敏感性。特别是对于层压板,一个小的冲击事件通常会导致几乎看不见的冲击损害(BVID),这可能会影响复合材料的结构完整性。在过去的几十年中,已经开发了和提出了几种非破坏性测试(NDT)方法,以便以有效的方式检测和评估BVID。在这项研究中,对复合材料中的几种最先进的NDT方法进行了比较实验分析(有关几个示例,请参见图1)。在此贡献中研究了以下方法:•使用传输和反射(动态时门控)信号进行超声C扫描•使用平面外和平面外两极化振动同时使用局部缺陷振动LDR•低功率振动振动感电振动vt使用单声音振动以及宽带振动,以及宽带振动,以及宽带振动,以及宽带振动,以及宽带技术(care),以及宽带技术(car)。至ASTM D7136)通过低速度下降重量为6.3 J,导致BVID。对复合材料中对NDT技术的机会和(当前的)局限性进行了批判性研究。这涉及对缺陷可检测性,缺陷大小和缺陷深度估计的评估。