摘要:心脏发育是一个时空调节的过程,从胚胎阶段延伸到产后阶段。这种高度精心策划的过程的破坏会导致先天性心脏病或使心脏疾病或心脏衰竭使心脏易受。因此,对控制心脏发育的分子机制有深入的了解,对开发各种心脏疾病的创新疗法具有很大的希望。尽管已经取得了心脏发育的新型转录和表观遗传调节剂的重大进展,但探索影响这一过程的翻译后机制却滞后。culling环E3泛素连接酶(CRLS)是最大的泛素连接酶家族,控制约20%的细胞内蛋白的泛素化和降解。新兴证据发现了CRL在调节广泛的细胞,生理和病理过程中的关键作用。在这篇综述中,我们总结了有关CRL对心脏形态发生和成熟的多功能调节的最新发现,并呈现未来的观点,以促进我们对CRLS如何管理心脏发育过程的全面理解。
4.4.1。Conduct constituting certificate acceptance ................................................................... 35 4.4.2.CA出版证书............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35 4.4.3。Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities ....................................... 35 4.5.k ey p air and c ertificate u sage ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 4.5.1。Subscriber private key and certificate usage .................................................................. 36 4.5.2.Relying party public key and certificate usage ............................................................... 36 4.6.C ERTIFICATE R ENEWAL ....................................................................................................... 36 4.6.1.Circumstance for certificate renewal.............................................................................. 36 4.6.2. Who may request renewal ............................................................................................... 36 4.6.3.处理证书续订请求........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 4.6.4。Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber .................................................... 36 4.6.5.行为构成续签证书的接受............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37 4.6.6。CA出版的续签证书................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37 4.6.7。Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities ....................................... 37 4.7.C ERTIFICATE R E - KEY ........................................................................................................... 37 4.7.1.Circumstance for certificate re-key ................................................................................ 37 4.7.2. Who may request certification of a new public key ....................................................... 37 4.7.3.Processing certificate re-keying requests ....................................................................... 37 4.7.4.Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber .................................................... 37 4.7.5.Conduct constituting acceptance of a re-keyed certificate ............................................. 37 4.7.6.CA由CA的重新钥匙证书出版............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38 4.7.7Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities ....................................... 38 4.8.c or毒性..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.8.1。证书修改的情况............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38 4.8.2。谁可以要求修改证书............................................................................................................................ 38 4.8.3。处理证书修改请求.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.8.4。Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber .................................................... 38 4.8.5.Conduct constituting acceptance of modified certificate ................................................ 38 4.8.6.Publication of the modified certificate by the CA ........................................................... 38 4.8.7.Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities ....................................... 38 4.9.C ERTIFICATE R EVOCATION AND S USPENSION ...................................................................... 39 4.9.1.Circumstances for revocation ......................................................................................... 39 4.9.2. Who can request revocation ........................................................................................... 39 4.9.3.Procedure for revocation request ................................................................................... 39 4.9.4.Revocation request grace period .................................................................................... 40 4.9.5.CA必须处理撤销请求的时间....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 4.9.6。撤销检查要求依赖方............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 4.9.7。CRL issuance frequency ................................................................................................. 41 4.9.8.Maximum latency for CRLs ............................................................................................ 41 4.9.9.在线撤销/状态检查可用性........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 4.9.10。 On-line revocation checking requirements ..................................................................... 41 4.9.11. 其他形式的吊销广告可用................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41 4.9.12。 Special requirement re-key compromise ......................................................................... 41 4.9.13. 悬架的情况...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.9.14。 Who can request suspension ........................................................................................... 42 4.9.15. Procedure for suspension request ................................................................................... 42 4.9.16. 暂停期限的限制....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.10。 C ERTIFICATE S TATUS S ERVICES ........................................................................................... 43 4.10.1. Operational characteristics ............................................................................................ 43 4.10.2. Services availability ........................................................................................................ 43 4.10.3. Optional features ............................................................................................................ 43 4.11. Session key encapsulation and recovery policy and practices ........................................ 43在线撤销/状态检查可用性........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 4.9.10。On-line revocation checking requirements ..................................................................... 41 4.9.11.其他形式的吊销广告可用................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41 4.9.12。Special requirement re-key compromise ......................................................................... 41 4.9.13.悬架的情况...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.9.14。 Who can request suspension ........................................................................................... 42 4.9.15.Procedure for suspension request ................................................................................... 42 4.9.16.暂停期限的限制....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.10。C ERTIFICATE S TATUS S ERVICES ........................................................................................... 43 4.10.1.Operational characteristics ............................................................................................ 43 4.10.2.Services availability ........................................................................................................ 43 4.10.3.Optional features ............................................................................................................ 43 4.11.Session key encapsulation and recovery policy and practices ........................................ 43E ND OF S UBSCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 43 4.12.K EY E SCROW AND R ECOVERY ............................................................................................. 43 4.12.1.Key Escrow and recovery policy and practices .............................................................. 43 4.12.2.