1天文学系,科学系,拉塞雷纳大学,公平。 div>juan Cisternas 1200,La Serena,智利电子邮件:p.marchantcortes.9@gmail.com 2理论与实验天文学研究所(Iate-Conicet),拉皮达854,X5000BGRGRDOBA,Argentina 3 Argentina 3 33 Argentical Insturatiation forcórdobafor forcórdoba Atacama University,Copayapu 485,Copiapó,Copiapó,智利5个天体物理学研究所,精确科学学院,AndrésBelloUniversidadAndrésBello,Ataromapu 485,Copayapu 485,Copayapu 485,Copayapu 485,Atacama 485,ATACAMA)Fernandez Concha 700,Las Condes,圣地亚哥,智利6梵蒂冈天文台,00120梵蒂冈市,意大利梵蒂冈市7号,78040-900,圣塔卡塔里纳联邦大学物理系,佛罗里亚州佛罗里亚州佛罗里亚州佛罗里达州,巴西佛罗里达州88040-900
1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany, 2 Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany, 3 Department of Geosciences, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 4 Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama(Cridesat),De Atacama大学,Copiapó大学,智利,5 5研究所,Potsdam,Potsdam,Potsdam,Potsdam,6 GFZ德国地球科学研究中心,GFZ 6 GFZ 6 GFZ GEMorphology,Dermany,Potsdam,Potsdam 6 GFZ 6自然资源管理,哥本哈根大学,哥本哈根,丹麦,丹麦9学院,智利大学,智利大学,圣地亚哥大学,智利,智利10学院,波茨坦大学,波斯坦大学,波斯坦大学,德国,德国,
1 Antofagasta的能源开发中心,Antofagasta大学,AV。Antofagasta大学02800,Antofagasta 1271155,智利; markus.bergendahl.freddes@ua.cl(M.B. div>); susana.leiva.gujardo@ua.cl(s.l.-g.); carlos.portillo@unantof.cl(C.P. div>); douglas.olivares@unantof.cl(D.O.) div>2个工程系,位于Atallurgy,Atacama University,AV。 div>Antofagasta大学02800,Antofagasta 1271155,智利; luis.caceres@unantof.cl 4 Arturo Prat University,AV。 div>Arturo Prat 2120,Iquique 1110939,智利; notoro@unap.cl 5 Qica de los材料系,Qualica andBiologí学院,圣地亚哥大学,AV。Libertador B. O'Higgins 3363,圣地亚哥9170022,智利; victor.jimenez@usach.cl(V.J.-A。 div>); maritza.paez@usach.cl(M.P.) div>* corsondence:felipe.galleguillos.madrid@unantof.cl(f.m.g.m.m. )); alvaro.soliz@uda.cl(A.S.)
List of Figures Figure 1 Schematic diagram describing the design of a Lithium-Ion Battery [3] .................................... 5 Figure 2 Equivalent circuit for an electrochemical cell ........................................................................... 6 Figure 3 Typical Voltage behavior of the Li-Ion Battery.不同C率的不同曲线[6] ......... 7图4锂离子电池的电压作为不同C率的能量的函数[6]。............................ 9 Figure 5 Operation of a typical Li-ion battery [11] ................................................................................ 13 Figure 6 Typical cycle life of a Li-ion battery cell [11] ........................................................................... 13 Figure 7 Variability in demand and in net load in a challenging week on an area in USA.[31] ..................................................... 27 Figure 19 Maps of Chilean Photovoltaic Power Potential with the location of Campos del Sol [30] ... 27 Figure 20 Irradiation for different longitudes in a) Iquique and b) Copiapó's latitude.[35] ................ 28 Figure 21 Location of the project Campos del Sol PV Power Plant.来自Google Maps的照片。在每个跟踪器中都有28个模块。.................................................... 35 Figure 28 Shading analysis of the PV modules and the trackers ........................................................... 35 Figure 29 Campos del Sol considered losses.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................例如四个不同的日子产生的PV功率,例如。 来自CEN网站。............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................例如四个不同的日子产生的PV功率,例如。来自CEN网站。来自CEN网站。................... 15 Figure 8 Power output of a PV plant in Southern California for a partly cloudy day ............................ 15 Figure 9 Balancing Technologies ........................................................................................................... 17 Figure 10 Basic concept of primary frequency regulation through ESS [23] ........................................ 19 Figure 11 : Frequency Control Methods and Relevant Time Scales in US [24] ...................................................................................................................图12频率控制时间尺度(激活时间是德国的示例)[24] ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ 23 Figure 16 Forecast of monthly power generation for Ollagüe's microgrid [27] ................................... 24 Figure 17 Maps of Chilean Global Horizontal Irradiation with the location of Campos del Sol [30] .... 26 Figure 18 Typical geography of the northern regions of Chile...................................................... 42 Figure 35 Energy profile produced by the PV in 25 years, with linear reduction of the power............................................................... 57 Figure 40 Variation of the relative initial cost of the BESS according to the size considered................................................... 60 Figure 44 Carrera Pinto 2020 Energy Price............ 30 Figure 22 Panoramic view of the area where the PV Plant will be situated (Google Maps) ................ 31 Figure 23 Carrera Pinto Interconnection Substation ............................................................................ 31 Figure 24 Irradiance of the area of Campos del Sol PV Plant ................................................................ 32 Figure 25 Module data .......................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 26 Inverter Data ......................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 27 Tracker structure......................................................................................... 36 Figure 30 Campos del Sol computed annual PV Power ........................................................................ 37 Figure 31 Campos del Sol generated Power for the first week of the year, computed with SAM ....... 38 Figure 32 Block Diagram of the Considered System ............................................................................. 40 Figure 33 Simplified Electric考虑系统的互连方案。................................ 43图36模型的温度评估模型................................................................................................................................. 57 Figure 41 Carrera Pinto Substation Energy Prices for different days of year 2020............................... 58 Figure 42 Considered Price Scenario ..................................................................................................... 59 Figure 43 Prices Profile Scenarios for the first three days of January........................................................... 65 Figure 45 NPV and Cash Flow for the BESS 50 MW 50 MWh................................................................ 66