在过去的几千年中,新世界alphavirus es(例如Veev和Eeev)与旧世界的αα病毒(例如Sinv和Semliki Forest Virus [SFV])进化并分离(图1A)。西马脑脊髓炎(WEE)复合物是一个抗原相关的组(4),其中包括四种新世界病毒(Aura,Fort Morgan,Highlands J和Weev)和几种旧世界病毒(例如Sinv和Whataroa)(1)。WEEV是据信在南美洲发生的类似SINV的病毒和EEEV之间重组事件的后代(5,6)。仅存在于新世界中的三个人类脑静脉曲张(VEEV,EEEV和WEEV)(7)。第一个归因于EEEV的流行病发生在1831年马萨诸塞州的马中(8),尽管直到1933年才孤立EEEV(9)。在美国,在1964年至2013年之间在人类中发现了285例劳动力确认的EEEV案件(10,11)。在2003年至2018年之间,每年在联合
ABI Acquired brain injury ABLV Australian bat lyssavirus ADEM Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis AES Acute encephalitis syndrome ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMPAR α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor AMR Region of the Americas AR African region CASPR2 Contactin-associated protein-2 CFR Case fatality rate CMV Cytomegalovirus CNS Central nervous system CP Cerebral palsy CSF Cerebrospinal fluid D2R Dopamine-2 receptor DALYs Disability-adjusted life years DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DPPX Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 EAN European Academy of Neurology EBV Epstein Barr virus EBVL European bat lyssavirus ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control EEEV Eastern equine encephalitis virus EFNS European Federation of Neurological Societies EFTA European Free Trade Association ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMR Eastern Mediterranean Region EU European Union EUR European Region EV Enterovirus GABAaR γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptor GABAbR γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation GBD Global Burden of Disease GlyR Glycine receptor GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale GP General practitioner HHV-6 Human herpesvirus-6 HIC High-income country HSE Herpes simplex encephalitis HSV Herpes simplex virus ICD International Classification of Disease ICU Intensive care unit ID皮内IHME健康指标和评估研究所IM肌内IQR IQR四分位数iv静脉内静脉内静脉炎日本脑炎日本脑炎日本脑炎病毒病毒LCMV淋巴细胞性绒毛膜炎病毒lgi-1
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