大约有 35 万名女性参加了第二次世界大战,主要从事传统上由女性担任的工作,例如医疗保健或行政管理。3 1943 年,国会赋予女子陆军团 (WAC) 完全资格,允许其担任非战斗职务,其福利和资格将于 1948 年到期。哈里·杜鲁门总统于 1948 年签署了《女子军队整合法案》,允许女性成为武装部队的永久和常规成员,但将她们在每个部门的参与人数限制在 2%,并禁止她们担任高级领导职务。1951 年,国防部长乔治·马歇尔成立了国防妇女咨询委员会 (DACOWITS),以解决军队中女性的招募、留任和福祉问题。该委员会专注于向国防部发布政策建议,认识到改变军队中女性的文化和规范需要持续的长期努力。4
大约有 35 万名女性参加了第二次世界大战,主要从事传统上由女性担任的工作,例如医疗保健或行政管理。3 1943 年,国会赋予女子陆军团 (WAC) 完全资格,允许其担任非战斗职务,但其福利和资格将于 1948 年到期。1948 年,哈里·杜鲁门总统签署了《女子军队整合法案》,允许女性成为武装部队的永久和常规成员,但将她们在每个军种中的参与人数限制在 2%,并禁止她们担任高级领导职务。1951 年,国防部长乔治·马歇尔成立了国防妇女咨询委员会 (DACOWITS),以解决军队中女性的招募、留任和福祉问题。该委员会专注于向国防部发布政策建议,认识到改变军队中女性的文化和规范需要持续的长期努力。 4
This report was created by the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security (GIWPS) and made possible through the generous support of the Embassy of Denmark in the United States. The lead researcher from GIWPS was Kristine Baekgaard, the 2023-2024 Hillary Rodham Clinton Fellow. Deep appreciation goes to Synne Espensen from the Embassy of Denmark for her support throughout the project and leadership on WPS. Further thanks go to Lisa Sharland, Senior Fellow and Director of the Protecting Civilians & Human Security program at the Stimson Center, for her review and invaluable feedback; and to my colleagues at GIWPS—Jessica M. Smith, Robert U. Nagel, Sarah Rutherford, and Elena Ortiz—for their input and guidance throughout this project. Finally, my gratitude goes to the leadership at GIWPS, Ambassador Melanne Verveer and Carla Koppell, for their thoughtful feedback and support. This project would not have been possible without the collective effort and support of all those mentioned above.