免疫调节通常被定义为对免疫反应的故意调节,对人类健康具有深远的影响(8-12)。免疫系统信号分子在消除异常细胞和维持稳态方面起关键作用。调节这些反应的能力开辟了新的治疗选择,这些选择超出了传统治疗方法。成功的免疫调节的影响扩展到广泛的应用,例如(a)慢性疾病管理,(b)癌症免疫疗法,(c)压力弹性,以及(d)传染病管理(13)。免疫系统和压力是相互联系的,心理和生理状态之间的相互作用在平衡这两个因素方面起着重要作用。许多因素会影响个人对感染的抵抗,例如体育锻炼,压力,年龄和吸烟,饮酒和药物(7)。尽管有许多其他治疗选择,但益生菌在近期被认为是一个突出的选择(4)。益生菌目前被定义为活体生物,如果以足够的量给予宿主,则可以为宿主提供健康益处。该定义反映了广泛的研究,表明益生菌可以增强宿主健康并治疗各种感染性和非感染性病理(14,15)。
Reilly v. City of Harrisburg , 858 F.3d 173 (3d Cir.2017) ...........................................................................................................15 Sharon Steel Corp. v. EPA , 597 F.2d 377 (3d Cir.1979) ...........................................................................................................13 Sierra Club v. Slater , 120 F.3d 623 (6th Cir.1997) .............................................................................................................24 Sierra Forest Legacy v. Rey , 670 F. Supp.2d 1106 (E.D.Cal.2009) ..........................................................................................13 Standing Rock Sioux Tribe 诉美国陆军工程兵团,985 F.3d 1032 (D.C. Cir.2021)............................................................................................. 11, 14 Trenton Threatened Skies, Inc. 诉 Fed.Aviation Admin ., 90 F.4th 122 (3d Cir.2024) .............................................................................................................20 Ultimate Trading Corp. 诉 Daus,No.07 Civ.4203, 2007 WL 3025681 (D.N.J.2007 年 10 月 15 日)........................................22 美国诉 Compaction Sys。Corp.,88 F. Supp。2d 339 (D.N.J.1999) ....................................................................................................9 United Steel 诉 Mine Safety & Health Admin。,925 F.3d 1279 (D.C. Cir.2019)............................................................................................................. 11 W. Ala. Quality of Life Coal。诉 FHWA,302 F. Supp。2d 672 (S.D.Tex.2004) ......................................................................................24, 25 W. Watersheds Project v. Bureau of Land Mgmt., 774 F. Supp.2d 1089 (D. Nev. 2011) ...........................................................................................24, 28 Winter v. NRDC , 555 U.S. 7 (2008) ...........................................................................................................15, 26 Zambelli Fireworks Mfg.Co. v. Wood , 592 F.3d 412 (3d Cir.2010) ...........................................................................................................27 法规 23 C.F.R.§ 771.107 ...........................................................................................................19 40 C.F.R.R. Civ.§ 1501.11(b) ....................................................................................................19 联邦P. 65(c) ...........................................................................................................27
新泽西州,民事案件编号2:23-cv-03885 原告,诉美国交通部、联邦公路管理局、SHAILEN BHATT(联邦公路管理局局长官职)和 RICHARD J. MARQUIS(联邦公路管理局纽约分部分部局长官职),
