∗ We are grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, David Autor, Effi Benmelech, Nicholas Bloom, Carter Braxton, Julieta Caunedo, Martin Beraja, Carola Frydman, Tarek Hassan, David Hemous, Anders Humlum, Nir Jaimovich, David Lagakos, Joseba Martinez, Michael Peters, Pascual Restrepo, Jonathan Rothbaum, Miao Ben Zhang, along with seminar participants at University of Amsterdam, BI-SHoF Conference, Boston University, CIREQ Macroeconomics Conference, Columbia GSB, FIRS, Johns Hopkins, HKUST, Labor and Finance Group, NBER (EFG, PRMP, LS, PIE), Macro-Finance Society, MIT Sloan,密歇根州立大学,赖斯大学,罗切斯特大学,伦敦大学学院经济动态学会,伊利诺伊大学乌尔巴纳·尚特阿布恩大学,多伦多大学,多伦多大学,UZH Automation,Tsinghua PBC,WFA,WFA和沃顿大学的UZH工作室,以进行宝贵的讨论和反馈。我们感谢Carter Braxton,Will Cong和Jonathan Rothbaum慷慨地共享代码。Huben Liu提供了出色的研究支持。该论文先前曾以“技术,特定的人力资本和劳动力流离失所:将专利与职业联系起来的证据”标题。The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data used to produce this product (Data Management System (DMS) number: P-7503840, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval numbers: CBDRB-FY21-POP001-0176, CBDRB- FY22-SEHSD003-006, CBDRB-FY22-SEHSD003-023,CBDRB-FY22-SEHSD003-028,CBDRB-FY23-SEHSD003-0350,CBDRB-FY23-SEHSD003-0003-064)。
1几项研究提供了理论论点,为什么更大的不平等会导致代际移动性下降(Solon,2004; Durlauf和Seshadri,2017; Becker,Kominers,Murphy和Spenkuch,2018)。不平等与代际流动性之间的负面关系在各个国家(Andrews and Leigh,2009年)以及美国境内的整个区域(Chetty,Hendren,Kline和Saez,2014; Bradbury and Triest and Triest,2016)。它也随着时间的推移(Chetty,Grusky,Hell,Hendren,Manduca和Narang,2017年); intergenerational occupational mobility fell in the U.S. (Long and Ferrie, 2013; Song, Massey, Rolf, Ferrie, Rothbaum, and Xie, 2020) at the same time that U.S. inequality rose (Piketty and Saez, 2003), although some studies nd that income mobility in the U.S. has remained roughly constant over the last several decades while inequality continued to increase (Chetty, Hendren, Kline, Saez,和特纳,2014年; Lee and Solon,2009年)。2曼恩将继续阐述教育减少不平等的几种方式:通过为受过教育的人提供对穷人的慈善事业,通过提供所有接受教育的人来提供自己的手段,并通过改变经济和文化来为所有人提供更多机会(Mann,1848年)。值得注意的是,曼恩(Mann)认识到,扩大教育不仅仅是接受教育的人。