国防部的最终规则 2.0. 于 2024 年 12 月 16 日生效,此后三年内分阶段实施。这份冗长的文件将影响国防工业基地的 220,000 家公司。超过 75,000 家国防部供应商必须通过独立的第三方评估,作为未来获得国防部合同资格的条件。它基本上是一项验证要求,以确保承包商遵守国防部规则,并且国防部能够了解承包商的网络安全系统。它侧重于处理、存储或传输联邦合同信息 (FCI) 或受控非机密信息 (CUI) 的任何组织。
“您下令的范围令人震惊,史无前例,并将在全国范围内产生灾难性后果。……法律就是法律——我们要求您作为 OMB 代理主任扭转局面,确保法律规定的要求得到忠实履行,国家支出法得到按预期实施。”这项全面指令将于美国东部时间 1 月 28 日星期二下午 5 点生效。如果按照书面形式广泛实施,特朗普政府的这一行动可能会阻止数千亿美元的已批准资金——在全国范围内造成混乱,伤害美国家庭和企业,扼杀就业机会,破坏我们的国家安全和应急准备。除此之外,备忘录中的指令可能会阻止以下方面的资金:
来自Kaul等。 (2018),他们在使用SCM时引起了人们对所有干预前结果以及协变量的关注。 V的大小取决于要匹配的观测值的数量。 这些包括i的时间序列t和k协变量平均值。 3实际上,估计程序的性质使得将趋势变量(如真实GDP)与周期性指标(如失业)相结合很困难。 这是因为最小化过程由更挥发性的周期性指标主导。 原则上可以定义(1)中的加权矩阵,使其相对于实际GDP的失业率较小,但这种调整必须是任意的。 4为了最好地匹配增长的“预测指标”,我们在选举前一年进行协变量的平均值,即2015年季度至2016年第一季度。来自Kaul等。(2018),他们在使用SCM时引起了人们对所有干预前结果以及协变量的关注。V的大小取决于要匹配的观测值的数量。这些包括i的时间序列t和k协变量平均值。3实际上,估计程序的性质使得将趋势变量(如真实GDP)与周期性指标(如失业)相结合很困难。这是因为最小化过程由更挥发性的周期性指标主导。原则上可以定义(1)中的加权矩阵,使其相对于实际GDP的失业率较小,但这种调整必须是任意的。4为了最好地匹配增长的“预测指标”,我们在选举前一年进行协变量的平均值,即2015年季度至2016年第一季度。
I. 简介 2021 年秋季,伯克利法学院法律、能源与环境中心 (CLEE) 的学生开始了一个项目,分析前总统唐纳德·特朗普提名的联邦法院法官的环境决策。1 该项目的目标是确定特朗普任命的联邦法官的环境决策趋势——他们的环境决策与所有其他法官相比是否异常,如果是,遵循什么标准。 推动这项调查的关键考虑因素有两个。首先,特朗普政府明确优先任命意识形态保守的法官,这些法官往往对联邦监管权力总体上持怀疑态度,尤其是环境法规。2(此外,虽然与该项目没有直接关系,但特朗普明确表示有意废除联邦环境法规,并为此付出了相当大的努力。3)其次,由于前总统特朗普任命了超过四分之一的联邦司法人员,这些法官将在相当长的一段时间内继续对联邦环境法产生重大影响。 4 本分析的目的是评估这些法官的决策,以确定他们是否以及如何偏离其他联邦法官的环境决策。为了进行分析,学生们审查了这些决定,以确定胜诉方(即政府、行业、环境非营利组织),并分析了关键决策者的决策
Pub。 L. 92-463。 86 Stat。 770(5 U.S.C. div> 应用。 1 et seq。 (1982))......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 18 U.S.C. 201 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26,28 18 U.S.C. 202 (C) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 227 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>Pub。L.92-463。86 Stat。770(5 U.S.C. div>应用。1 et seq。(1982))......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 18 U.S.C.201 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26,28 18 U.S.C. 202 (C) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 227 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>201 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26,28 18 U.S.C.202 (C) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 227 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>202 (C) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................227 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>227 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>241 ..................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C.371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>371 ....................................................................... 13, 24, 24, 4A 18 U.S.C.607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C. 1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C. 1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>607 (a) (1) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... by 25 18 18 18 18 18 18 U.S.C.1111 ........................................................................ 26 18 U.S.C.1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>1512 ............................................................................... 23, 4A 18 U.S.C.1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C. 1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>1512 (C) ........................................................................... 24, 4A 18 U.S.C.1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C. 2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC. 2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>1512 (C) (2) ........................................................... 3, 23, 4a 18 U.S.C.2381 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 18 U.SC.2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>2384 ........................................................................... 26 DIV>
343 U.S. 579 (1952) ...................................................................................................... 14, 19 U.S. Constitution, Statutes, Rules 18 U.S.C.§ 1512(c)(2) .......................................................................................................... 4, 18 28 U.S.C.§ 1291 ...................................................................................................................... 33 D.C. Cir.R. 41(a)(1) ................................................................................................................... 8 H. Res.24, 117th Cong.(2021) ................................................................................................... 4 Sup.ct。 R. 10(c) ................................................................................................................ 2, 9-11 U.S. C ONST .艺术。i,§3,cl。7 ................................................................................. i, 16, 20, 28-29 U.S. C ONST .艺术。ii,§1,cl。1 .................................................................................................... 12 Other Authorities 3 J.的保守党,关于united s tates的机构的信息,ch。37,§1563
当选总统特朗普可能会仔细研究《拜登签署的基础设施投资和就业法》(IIJA)。IIJA授权用于运输和基础设施支出,加强安全法规,并为污染清理提供了环境保护和资金。特朗普有望扭转IIJA的某些部分,尤其是将法规减少到快速轨道联邦基础设施项目中。他还可能希望强调公私伙伴关系,这在他的2018年第一个基础设施计划中可以看出,该计划将在州,地方,部落和私人层面提供1.5万亿美元的基础设施投资。由于大约50%的IIJA资金仍未解决,第二个特朗普政府可能会试图将这些资金重新分配给其他优先事项,例如边境基础设施和加强边境安全,这是许多国会共和党人支持的问题。但是,特朗普还必须与国会中的一些共和党人抗衡,国会的地区已经从IIJA的资金合同中受益。