S. 4444 involves the conveyance of surface and mineral estate in Montana involving the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Crow Tribe of Montana, and a private party. The bill requires, within 60 days of enactment, the relinquishment of the Federal coal lease associated with Signal Peak Energy's Bull Mountains Mine near Roundup, Montana; the conveyance by the Joe and Barbara Hope Mineral Trust (Hope Family Trust) of approximately 4,660 acres of private mineral estate located within the boundaries of the Crow Indian Reservation in Bighorn County, Montana, to the Crow Tribe of Montana; and the conveyance of approximately 4,530 acres of mineral estate and approximately 940 acres of surface estate managed by the BLM in Musselshell County, Montana (the Bull Mountains Tracts), to the Hope Family Trust. In addition, the bill states that the mineral estate conveyed by the Hope Family Trust to the Crow Tribe shall not be subject to state or local taxation and shall be held in trust by the United States for the benefit of the Tribe, upon the Tribe's request. Finally, S. 4444 requires that the Crow Tribe notify the Secretary of the Interior when the Tribe and the Hope Family Trust have agreed on a formula for revenue sharing from development of the minerals conveyed to the Tribe, should they be developed at a later date. Analysis Under President Biden's and Secretary Haaland's leadership, the Department is committed to strengthening the government-to-government relationship with Tribal Nations. We believe that Tribal sovereignty and self-governance, as well as honoring the Federal trust and treaty responsibility to Tribal Nations, must be the cornerstones of Federal Indian policy. In addition, the Department is committed to managing public lands and minerals to protect the treaty, trust, religious, subsistence, and cultural interests of Federally recognized Tribes, consistent with our mission and applicable Federal law. By placing lands into trust status through the Department, Tribes are able to reacquire lands within or near their reservations, establish a land base, and clarify jurisdiction over their territories and lands including mineral estates. The Department supports the bill's goals of addressing inholdings within the boundaries of the Crow Indian Reservation and providing an additional source of revenue for the Crow Tribe. We would like to work with the Sponsor on several modifications to improve the bill. First, we
Ai-Dongle LAN/WLAN/Wi-Fi Stick 允许 Solplanet 逆变器连接到 Solplanet Cloud 和 App。逆变器和仪表数据通过互联网收集并发送到 Solplanet Cloud,以便轻松监控光伏电站。
摘要:在各种无线通信技术共享的有限频谱中,跨技术干扰是决定通信性能的重要因素。已经研究了各种减少这种干扰影响的共存方法,但是大多数人无法明确协调共享频谱,并且不实用。本文使用杂项无线技术之间的跨技术通信提出了一种明确的共存机制。通过双向跨技术通信,这种模仿“载体探访了避免碰撞的多次访问”(CSMA/CA),称为CTC-CSMA/CA。它允许在异质无线技术之间进行通信,以实现CSMA/CA。这可以通过直接发送和接收反馈来准确地分配所需的频道资源。CTC-CSMA/CA是一种高度兼容的技术,因为它不需要对IEEE 802.11标准或任何额外硬件进行任何修改。此外,Zigbee可以通过将其同步到周期性的Wi-Fi信标来以低占空比的周期运行。我们使用商品Wi-Fi接入点和商业Zigbee平台实施了CTC-CSMA/CA。我们的实验表明,与常规方案相比,我们的方法更准确地协调了通道,从而显着改善了Zigbee吞吐量。我们希望该计划将成为设计未来跨技术通信的重要应用程序。
电路设计注意事项 以下设计注意事项是一般性的,无论最终用途或配置如何,都必须遵循: 接地路径应尽可能短。 CB5712 的接地垫具有特殊的电气和热接地要求。此垫是散热的主要热导管。由于电路板充当散热器,因此必须尽可能多地分流设备产生的热量。因此,设计接地垫的连接以消散电路板产生的最大功率。需要多个通往接地层的过孔。
摘要 本文设计了一种用于无线局域网 (WLAN) 应用的 Koch 分形天线。Koch 雪花设计具有对称和自相似结构,可实现空间填充能力并改善天线的表面电流。整体分形天线结构由安装在介电材料(阻燃剂-4 (FR-4),介电常数r=4.4,损耗角正切δ=0.02)两侧的铜箔(贴片和接地平面)组成。天线采用微带线馈电。Koch 分形天线的尺寸为 30 30 1.6mm3,是在高频结构模拟器 (HFSS) 平台上实现的紧凑尺寸设计。使用迭代函数系统 (IFS) 将模拟输出与贴片上实现的不同迭代进行内部比较,并比较三种不同迭代的辐射频率、回波损耗、带宽、增益和方向性的差异。三次迭代的谐振频率范围从 5.8GHz 到 7.47GHz,可用于 WLAN 应用。因此,所提出的 Koch 雪花分形天线设计随着迭代规模的增加而改善了天线参数,例如 S 11 从 -21.35dB 到 -36.32dB,平均增益为 3dB,阻抗带宽为 25.90%。关键词:天线设计、FR-4、接地平面、Koch 雪花、贴片、WLAN 应用
摘要 — 本文介绍了一种新型高效可重构双频输出匹配网络设计方法。所实现的输出匹配网络在 2.4 GHz 和 5.5 GHz 下分别实现了 71.6% 和 75% 的无源效率。基于所提出的输出匹配网络,采用 40 纳米 CMOS 技术设计和制造了支持 2.4/5 GHz 双频操作的发射器和独立功率放大器 (PA),用于新兴的无线局域网 (WLAN) 802.11ax 应用。在 2.4 GHz 和 5 GHz WLAN 频段,PA 实现了 23 和 21.9-22.4 dBm 的 P sat ,功率附加效率 (PAE) 分别为 27% 和 24.2%-28.2%。在 2.442 GHz 时,发射器可为 40 MHz、1024 正交幅度调制 (QAM) 802.11ax 信号提供 8.1 dBm 平均输出功率,同时满足误差矢量幅度 (EVM) 低于 -35 dB 的标准规范。在 5 GHz 工作模式下,发射器可实现 6.72-6.95 dBm 的平均输出功率,80 MHz、1024 QAM 802.11ax 信号的 EVM 为 -35 dB。PA 和发射器前端是文献中首次发布的双频 WLAN 802.11ax 应用设计。