•从涵洞和/或头壁上取出碎屑(包括涵洞的喷射)•现有涵洞的内部衬砌以减轻关节处的破裂或位移•较小的混凝土涵洞维修•重新安装了尾墙和/或造成的损坏,包括损坏的损坏,包括损坏的新损坏,•在此范围内造成损坏,•在此范围内造成的损坏,•涵洞上方的路面发生了污水坑的发生的地方•更换或损坏的涵洞段o完全更换涵洞,例如for -for - ((完全由赠款计划涵盖)
8.3 设计标准 ................................................................................................................ 8-3 8.3.1 场地标准 .......................................................................................................... 8-3 8.3.1.1 结构类型选择 ........................................................................................ 8-3 8.3.1.2 地形 ........................................................................................................ 8-4 8.3.1.3 碎片控制 ................................................................................................ 8-4 8.3.1.4 土壤和水数据 ............................................................................................. 8-4 8.3.1.5 暴露于潮水或腐蚀环境中的结构的保护涂层 ............................................. 8-5 8.3.1.6 请求数据和材料部门建议 ............................................................................. 8-5 8.3.1.7 地下调查 ............................................................................................. 8-5 8.3.1.8 管道拱度 ............................................................................................. 8-6 8.3.2 水力标准................................................................................................................ 8-7 8.3.2.1 设计暴雨 .............................................................................................. 8-7 8.3.2.2 允许上游水位 .............................................................................................. 8-7 8.3.2.3 审查上游水位 .............................................................................................. 8-7 8.3.2.4 尾水关系 – 水渠 ...................................................................................... 8-8 8.3.2.5 尾水关系 – 汇合处或大型水体 ............................................................. 8-8 8.3.2.6 最大出口速度 ............................................................................................. 8-8 8.3.2.7 最小速度 ............................................................................................. 8-12 8.3.2.8 储存路线 – 临时或永久 ............................................................................. 8-12 8.3.2.9 道路溢流 ............................................................................................. 8-12 8.3.3 几何标准............................................................................................................. 8-13 8.3.3.1 涵洞尺寸和形状 .............................................................................. 8-13 8.3.3.2 多管 .............................................................................................. 8-13 8.3.3.3 涵洞倾斜 .............................................................................................. 8-13 8.3.3.4 端部处理(入口或出口) ............................................................. 8-14 8.3.3.4.1 突出的入口或出口 ............................................................. 8-14 8.3.3.4.2 预制端部部分 ........................................................................ 8-15 8.3.3.4.3 带斜面的头墙 .............................................................. 8-15 8.3.3.4.4 改进的进水口 .............................................................. 8-15 8.3.3.4.5 翼墙 .............................................................................. 8-15 8.3.3.4.6 围裙 .............................................................................. 8-16 8.3.3.4.7 截水墙 .............................................................................. 8-16 8.3.3.4.8 拦污栅或杂物导流板 ............................................................. 8-16 8.3.4 安全注意事项 ............................................................................................. 8-16 8.3.5 允许的管道材料 ............................................................................................. 8-17 8.3.6 其他设计注意事项 ............................................................................................. 8-17 8.3.6.1 浮力保护 ............................................................................................. 8-17 8.3.6.2 泄洪口 ................................................................................................ 8-18 8.3.6.3 土地利用涵洞 .............................................................................................. 8-18 8.3.6.4 侵蚀和沉积物控制 ...................................................................................... 8-18
图 4-1 涵洞水流的水力要素(来源:《公路涵洞选择水力图表》,联邦公路管理局,1965 年 12 月)它还揭示了全流条件下的以下关系:
o Designs of structures and/or practices, provide calculations o Location of sediment control measures o Required standard erosion and sediment control notes o Revegetation Specifications Seedbed preparations Permanent seeding (mix & rate) – include method of application Temporary seeding (mix & rate) – include method of application Mulching (include anchoring method) Matting (type & specifications) Fertilizer and lime (amount & type) o Road Profiles Location and spacing of interceptor dikes and culverts Location of diversion dikes Inlets for dikes and culverts (type of structure and size) Outlets for dikes and culverts (type of structure and size) Stream crossings (type of structure and size) Typical cross section: toe of fill to top of cut including ditches o Dikes (perimeter, diversion,拦截器)实践符合目的和设计标准维持正排水堤防的流动面积超过5%,正确稳定
项目背景水资源库存区域1(WRIA 1)是10种无肿的鱼类的所在地,其中包括三只根据《联邦濒危物种法》列为“威胁”的。在WRIA 1中,该县维持一个道路网络,其中包括约974英里,163个桥梁和2500多个涵洞,约有195个涵洞阻止了历史性的无肿块鲑鱼栖息地。该项目包括整个Whatcom县的11个鱼类障碍涵洞的评估和初步设计(图1,表1)。该合同涵盖了可行性和替代性分析,以在11个屏障站点中的每个障碍物中开发首选的交叉替代方案,以通过30%的设计进行。30%的设计将有助于追求该县的进一步融资工作。所有项目地点均位于华盛顿州西北部Whatcom县的非法人区域。预计,这些涵洞中的六(6)个将在第一年进行评估,第二年将进行五(5)个评估。位点在下图中用恒星识别。Whatcom县通过FFY2022国家涵洞删除,替代和修复资助计划(涵盖水生生物有机体通道(AOP)计划)授予了880,000美元的联邦资金。该项目由本地和联邦资金的组合提供资金。
1常规4 2文档5 3介绍(AGRD第5部分第1节)7 4设计安全性(AGRD第5部分的第2节)8 5环境(第5部分第5部分第5节)8 6排水考虑(AGRD第5部分5)15 7操作和维护和维护和维护(Agrd Part 5 5)第5部分5)15 8 8 8 extrology(Agrd Parter 5)(Agrd Partiger 5 effer 5)(Agrd 5)第5部分7 16 Design 7 Desive 7 Desive 7(7)设计(7)设计(7)设计(7)设计7(7)设计(7 16 DESWIS 7)。 - road surface, networks, basins and subsurface (AGRD Part 5A) 24 11 Underground piped networks (section 6 of AGRD Part 5A) 27 12 Basins (section 7 of AGRD Part 5A) 29 13 Subsurface drainage (section 8 of AGRD Part 5A) 30 14 Drainage - Open channels, culverts and floodway crossings (AGRD Part 5B) 30 15 Culverts (section 3 of AGRD Part 5B) 32 16洪水(AGRD第5B部分的第4节)33 17泵系统要求33 18雨水从外部开发地点出院36 19持有和证人点37 20附录1:位置调整因子(部门有理方法的步骤4)39
6.7 横向结构(堰、闸门溢洪道、涵洞和分流额定曲线)...................................................................................................................... 115
•环境考虑•保护要素•涵洞和密封•土地修复•土壤压实水平•调试(通风)•接受建议•正在进行的服务•建筑法律•接受法•接受