摘要:由于几种好处,塑料覆盖膜的使用在特种种植系统中广泛存在。在本文中,我们第一次在整体方法下对土壤中可生物降解的塑料覆盖物(BDPM)作为基于石油的塑料的可持续替代方案进行了批判性审查,强调了当前对土壤中降解及其对土壤中的降解的了解的状态,及其对土壤中的杂产物的影响。此外,我们还详细介绍了覆盖的历史和经济重要性。bdpms可在蔬菜生产中有效使用,因为它们可以改善物理,化学和生物土壤的特性,并增强微生物生物多样性,控制杂草和维持土壤水分。bdpms对于限制使用农化物并减少耕作和灌溉用品的可持续管理可能是有用的。
由于暴风雨的直接破坏性和分散性质,福尔摩山白蚁最终可能在这些地区更加普遍。白蚁也可以通过人类活动(例如持续的清理,去除侵扰树木,覆盖物的运输,碎屑等)来移动。以及拆除感染的建筑物和建筑组件。这些物品中的许多可能最终都陷入垃圾填埋场,沟渠,牧场,乡村地区,沼泽等,因此,福尔摩山白蚁压力可能更加广泛,并且随着时间的流逝更加严重。本地白蚁也可以以相同的方式传播。
Figure 1 Work breakdown Structure (WBS) for the Biodegradable Mulch Films (BDM) development ............................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: (a) Representation of benefits and pollution problems associated with mulches from conventional plastics; (b)对2025年从非洲进入海洋的陆基塑料废物的预测-Jambeck等人,2018年,估计估计到2025年,塑料的10.5 mton将进入海洋,其中尼日利亚是最大的污染者)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Agricultural Mulch Films Volume (%), Geography, Africa, 2021 estimates ................ 6 Figure 5: Material types currently used in the agricultural films in Africa ................................... 7 Figure 6: Vale chains of mulch films .......................................................................................... 9 Figure 7: Value chain point indicating GHG reduction potential of BDMs over conventional plastic mulches ......................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 8: Factors Limiting BDM market in Nigeria ................................................................... 13 Figure 9: Market share of the major players in Nigeria ............................................................ 15 Figure 10: Market Segments, crop type under mulches.......................................................... 15 Figure 11: Nigerian starch Market Size in thousand metric ton, 2016-2026.[source: Mordor Intelligence Custom Report on Nigeria Industrial Starches Market (2022–2027)...................... 2 Figure 12: Volume share (%) by type of starch, 2021, Nigeria [source: Mordor Intelligence Custom Report on Nigeria Industrial Starches Market (2022–2027) ......................................... 2 Figure 13: Market Share (%), by Application, Nigeria, 2021。Source: Mordor Intelligence Custom Report on Nigeria Industrial .......................................................................................... 3 Figure 14: Sources of starches in Nigeria, as of 2021.Source: Mordor Intelligence Custom Report on Nigeria Industrial Starches Market (2022–2027) ...................................................... 3 Figure 15: World regional share of cassava production ............................................................ 4 Figure 16: Cassava production by the ten top countries (FAOSTAT-2020) .............................. 5 Figure 17: Production of cassava in Nigeria per State............................................................... 5 List of Tables
主要蔬菜作物中的IPM(夏季和冬季)IPM主要食品作物(Kharif&Rabi)在IPM中使用生物剂和生物农药(制备生物农药和黄色,黄色,蓝色粘性陷阱,水诱捕器,轻陷阱等)(5)杂草管理如何管理Jangali禁令(Brachaira spp。),chhura(commelina spp。)和哈里夫农作物和蔬菜田中的其他杂草?如何管理goongla(raphanus spp。),Jangali Javi(Avena spp。)和狂犬作物和蔬菜田中的其他杂草?如何管理tipatia(Oxalis spp。)和Motha(Cyperus spp。)在Poly House和Neela Phulnu(Ageratum spp。),tipatia(Oxalis spp。),羔羊(Bidens spp。),Lal Fulnu(Lantana spp)和Gajar Ghass(Parthenium spp。)和农作物和草原中的其他杂草?化学杂草控制和健康危害如何使用有机和无机覆盖物进行杂草管理?(如果未涵盖1-3个主题,则可选)(6)有机农业和认证过程(有机施肥申请)。
杂草管理在芋头种植中构成了重大挑战,因为这是季风季节中长期种植的作物。其延长生长期的温暖,潮湿的条件促进了快速的杂草发芽和生长,使杂草管理工作变得复杂。为了解决这个问题,2021年和2022年在贾肖尔的孟加拉国农业研究所进行了一项研究,以评估塔罗的可持续杂草管理策略。The experiment, designed as a randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications, tested seven weed control methods: T 1 = straw mulching (SM), T 2 = pre-emergence herbicide + SM, T 3 = poly mulching (PM), T 4 = pre-emergence herbicide + PM, T 5 = intercropping + two hand- weeding, T 6 = pre-emergence herbicide, and T 7 =沿t 8 =无杂草和t 9 =杂草控制治疗的四个手质量。结果表明,所有覆盖处理均达到70%至80%的杂草控制效率,将杂草的生长显着降低到出现后120天(DAE)。间作 +手提处理的杂草控制最多90 DAE。在覆盖物中,稻草覆盖导致最高的植物和最宽的植物底,导致产量最高和收益成本比,然后进行其他覆盖物和间作 +手除草处理。出生前除草剂治疗的作用短,因此无效。此外,将覆盖物(SM&PM)与出生前除草剂相结合,而不是仅覆盖。这些发现将稻草覆盖物作为芋头最有效的杂草管理策略,消除了对除草剂的需求。覆盖物不可用的地方,与手除草相结合可以是有效控制杂草的可行替代方法。