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肿瘤干细胞的多维分析
As a key factor in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and metastasis, the biological properties, metabolic adaptations and immune escape mechanisms of CSCs are the focus of current oncological research.CSCs possess self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and tumorigenicity, and their mechanisms of action can be elucidated by the clonal evolution, hierarchical model and the dynamic CSCs model, of which the dynamic model is widely recognized due to its better explanation of the function and origin of CSCs.The origin hypothesis of CSCs involves cell-cell fusion, horizontal gene transfer, genomic instability and microenvironmental regulation, which together shape the diversity of CSCs.In terms of classi fi cation, CSCs include primary CSCs (pri-CSCs), precancerous stem cells (pre-CSCs), migratory CSCs (mig-CSCs), and chemo-radiotherapy-resistant CSCs (cr-CSCs and rr-CSCs), with each type playing a speci fi c role in tumor progression.Surface markers of CSCs, such as CD24, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD133, CD166, EpCAM, and LGR5, offer the possibility of identifying, isolating, and targeting CSCs, but the instability and heterogeneity of their expression increase the dif fi culty of treatment.CSCs have adapted to their survival needs through metabolic reprogramming, showing the ability to fl exibly switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adjustments to amino acid and lipid metabolism.The Warburg effect typi fi es their metabolic pro fi les, and altered glutamine and fatty acid metabolism further contributes to the rapid proliferation and survival of CSCs.CSC能够通过调节代谢网络来保持其干性特征，增强抗氧化剂防御并适应治疗应力来维持其干性。免疫逃生是CSC维持其生存的另一种策略，CSC可以通过诸如调节PD-L1表达的机制有效地逃避免疫监视，并促进免疫抑制性微环境的形成。一起，这些特性揭示了CSC的多维复杂性，强调了对CSC生物学对开发更有效肿瘤治疗策略的发展的重要性。将来，针对CSC的疗法将集中于表面标记物的精确鉴定，代谢途径的干预以及克服免疫逃生，以改善癌症治疗的相关性和效率，并最终改善患者的预后。
这份书面证词之后是相关和附加文章和文件的预览，并补充了我预定的关于马克的口头证词
问题包括：“LBGTQ 倡导者”本质上是具有性别意识形态倾向的 TQ 推动者，他们积极反对传统自由派 LGBTS，并与之发生冲突。Stonewall（英国）和 Mermaids 是广受诟病的组织，两者都经常陷入丑闻，在英国广为人知。“性别肯定护理是医学上必要的、基于证据的护理”——CNN 一周前没有报道的 WPATH 丑闻对此提出了强烈质疑。“青春期阻断……是可以逆转的”——这引起了强烈争议。列出的医疗组织、与 WPATH 相关的声明很可能很快就会改变或被审查。这种联系的确切含义需要非常仔细的审查。
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* 本表仅包括美国广泛销售的产品。参考：https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/medication-safety/Pages/Acetaminophen-for-fever-and-pain.aspx