National Grid and RMI have analyzed nine NPA case studies from the U.S. and Europe to better understand how NPAs have been most effectively implemented and the challenges to scaling up these projects as part of the clean energy transition.These case studies include projects by National Grid to transition some upstate New York customers to geothermal heating systems, California utility PG&E's experience decommissioning 22 miles of gas transmission pipe by converting customers from gas, and successful efforts在欧洲,在10年的时间内将整个社区从天然气系统脱离。