第 1 节。一般····················································································································· 3 第 2-1 节。轧制钢材·········································································································· 7 第 2-2 节。轧制钢材半成品··········································································· 14 第 2-3 节。用于高热输入焊接的轧制钢材 ····························· 16 第 3 节。钢管 ································································································ 18 第 4 节。铸件和钢锻件 ·· ...第 5 节。特殊要求的曲轴 ································································ 22 第 6 节。铝合金 ········································································································································· 25 第 7-1 节。铜合金铸件······························································································· 28 第 7-2 节。铜和铜合金管 ··············································································· 29 第 8 节。特殊铸铁阀门 ·· ... ·· ...链条配件· ... ·· ... ·························································································· 50
第 1 节。一般····················································································································· 3 第 2-1 节。轧制钢材··········································································································· 7 第 2-2 节。轧制钢材半成品··············································································· 15 第 2-3 节。用于高热输入焊接的轧制钢材 ····························· 17 第 3 节。钢管 ································································································ 19 第 4 节。铸件和钢锻件 ·· ...第 5 节。特殊要求的曲轴 ······························································· 23 第 6 节。铝合金 ··································································································································· 26 第 7-1 节。铜合金铸件······························································································· 29 第 7-2 节。铜和铜合金管 ············································································· 30 第 8 节。特殊铸铁阀门 ···················································································································· 34 第 9 节。锚·· ...船用链条附件···································································································· 39 第 10-3 节。海上链条和链条附件································································ 41 第 11 节。钢丝绳· ... ·· ... ···························································································· 55
已经观察到,商业纯铜的分数重结晶特性受个人或SN-PB焊料的组成元素的存在影响。为了设计实验,研究了商业上的纯Cu,二进制铜合金(CU-SN和CU-PB)和三元铜合金,CU-SN-PB。铸造合金均质化,处理溶液,然后淬火以完成热处理。为了重结晶,合金将厚度冷至75%,然后在700°k的等温度等于3600秒的时间内将其退火。在本实验中,评估退火样品的分数重结晶为在各个时间步骤中记录的微硬度的归一化差异。为了验证实验结果,著名的Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov方程也用于预测相关的重结晶行为。可以从研究中推断出,SN-PB焊料合金元素的存在对纯铜的重结晶行为具有积极影响,因为固体溶液加强了,其中锡的效果大于铅的作用。定量分析表明,纯Cu,Cu-Sn,Cu-Pb和Cu-Sn-PB合金的重结晶分别达到99.4%,95.4%,98.4%和89.5%。SN与Cu形成金属间,但PB却没有。此外,SN与杂质形成不同的金属间,并具有与Cu和Pb的FCC不同的BCC晶体结构。结果,退火过程中GP区域的形成和金属间相显示了两种方法之间的重结晶行为的差异。结合使用,冷滚动合金的微结构研究揭示了第二阶段的细长晶粒,并且在700°K的1800秒退火后,合金几乎完全重新结晶。
Aurubis AG 是全球领先的有色金属供应商,也是全球最大的铜回收商之一。该公司将复杂的金属精矿、废金属、有机和无机含金属回收材料以及工业残渣加工成最高品质的金属。Aurubis 每年生产超过 100 万吨阴极铜,并由此生产出各种产品,例如由铜和铜合金制成的盘条、连铸形状、型材和扁平轧制产品。Aurubis 还生产许多其他金属,包括贵金属、硒、铅、镍、锡和锌。其产品组合还包括硫酸和硅酸铁等其他产品。
单元I:材料,晶体系统,单元细胞和空间晶格的晶体结构,以及缺陷,工程材料类别 - 金属和合金,黑色和非有产性合金,低钢,铝合金,铝合金,铜合金,不锈钢,不锈钢,不锈钢钢,固有钢,粘土,陶器,陶器,有机有机化物材料和组合材料。从电气工程角度分类固体。导电材料 - 导体的特性,良好的导体材料的特性,常用的导电材料,用于间接头部线的导体材料,导体类型,地下电缆的导体,电气机中使用的导体材料,电阻材料,电阻材料,电阻类型,公共汽车棒的材料。
本附件(“附件”或“附件 01”)为伞状协议编号 SAA3-1723(以下简称“协议”或“伞状协议”),旨在供美国国家航空航天局格伦研究中心(“NASA GRC”或“NASA”)和 Relativity Space, Inc.(“Relativity”或“合作伙伴”)合作开发用于太空推进的氧化铝强化铜合金。NASA GRC 将生产氧化铝涂层铜 (Cu) 金属粉末原料。Relativity 将打印涂层原料。然后,Relativity 和 NASA 将对增材制造 (AM) 氧化物弥散强化 (ODS) Cu 样品进行机械和微观结构分析。最后,Relativity 将进行热导率测试,以确定新合金的性能是否优于 GRCop42 等传统 Cu 合金。
冷喷涂增材制造 (CSAM) 使用惰性气体载体将金属粉末加速至超音速并将其喷射到目标物体上,随后粉末颗粒在目标物体上变形并通过固态结合粘附在基材上。通过更换粉末,该技术可用于制造多材料(或分级材料)部件。高性能液体火箭发动机 (LRE) 燃烧室通常是双金属的,结合了高热导率铜合金衬套和高强度镍合金结构夹套。因此,CSAM 工艺对于液体火箭发动机燃烧室制造具有许多优势。本文讨论了使用 CSAM 进行 LRE 制造的优缺点,然后描述了使用 CSAM 技术制造的演示双金属燃烧室的设计,并展示了制造试验的结果。
MONEL ® 合金 K-500 (UNS N05500/ W.Nr. 2.4375) 是一种镍铜合金,它结合了 MONEL 合金 400 的出色耐腐蚀性以及强度和硬度更高的额外优势。通过在镍铜基中添加铝和钛,并在受控条件下加热,使 Ni 3 (Ti, Al) 的亚微观颗粒在整个基质中沉淀,从而获得增强的性能。用于产生沉淀的热处理通常称为时效硬化或老化。合金的成分列于表 1。MONEL 合金 K-500 产品的典型应用是用于海洋服务的链条和电缆、紧固件和弹簧;用于化学处理的泵和阀门组件;用于造纸生产中纸浆处理的刮刀和刮刀;油井钻铤和仪器、泵轴和叶轮、非磁性外壳、用于石油和天然气生产的安全升降机和阀门;以及传感器和其他电子元件。