在欧盟,罕见病是指发病率低于 2000 分之一的疾病。目前已发现的罕见病约有 7,000 种,估计总共影响英国人口的 1/17(约 350 万人)。其中近 5,000 种罕见病是由单个基因中高度渗透的变异引起的单基因病。罕见病的分子遗传学诊断需要确定单个致病变异(或常染色体隐性遗传条件下的双等位基因变异)。及时准确的分子诊断对于为患者及其家人提供最佳护理至关重要,尤其是在针对性治疗方面(Saunders 等人,2012 年)。然而,罕见遗传病的诊断可能是一项挑战,取决于对疾病分子病因的深入了解。分子遗传诊断可以为疾病进行可靠的分类、提供预后信息、为亲属进行准确的风险预测,更重要的是可以指明最合适的治疗方法、为临床筛查、预防策略或临床试验提供信息,并促进获得支持服务和患者主导的支持团体。
该指南是由Sian Ellard(Sian Ellard(先前科学主任)(西南基因组实验室中心的科学总监),前基因组学实验室的负责人,皇家德文大学医疗保健NHS基金会信托基金会)和Emma Baple(西南基因组实验室中心医学总监,皇家大学医疗基金会临床医疗机构(Intoical NHS Health Collication)的临床医疗基金会(NHS Health Clandic Truck),与HENSNOTICS INPOT INPOT INPOT INPATICS(HANSENICTIAN)HANSONENICTICS HANSONENICTICS HANSONINGICS INPATICS INPORNICS INSONTIC Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust and Chair of Cancer Genetics Group), Ian Berry (Consultant Clinical Scientist and Rare Disease Scientific Lead, South West Genomic Laboratory Hub), Emma-Jane Cassidy (Principal Clinical Scientist, Wessex Genomics Laboratory Service, Salisbury), Tara Clancy (BSGM Ethics and Policy Committee Chair), Zandra Deans (Deputy Director, Genomics Unit, NHS英格兰兼导演Genqa,NHS Lothian,Edinburgh),Miranda Durkie(稀有疾病副主管,东北和约克郡基因组实验室中心),多米尼克·麦克马兰(Dominic McMullan实验室中心; NHS高度专业的线粒体实验室负责人,泰恩医院NHS基金会信托基金会; ACGS主席),Clare Turnbull(临床癌症遗传学的顾问,皇家Marsden NHS基金会信托基金会和癌症遗传学教授,遗传学和流行病学科,伦敦癌症研究所)和安妮克·卢卡森(Anneke Lucassen)(BSGM先前的主席,现任医学联合委员会主席 - 医学委员会 - RCP,RCP,RCPPTH和BSGM的三级委员会)。
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