8详细说明各种换位密码。8 2 1 1 1与Neat Sketch Angreet Security模型讨论。8 2 1 1 10定义了流和密码,并用示例块。4 2 2 2 11解释有关AES。4 2 2 2 12解释算法。4 2 2 2 1 13解释有关洪水的信息。4 1 2 2 14用合适的例子解释RSA算法。4 2 2 2 15解释块密码设计原理。4 2 2 2 1 16讨论背包算法。8 2 2 2 17描述了有关RC4算法的描述。8 2 2 2 18什么是生物措施身份验证?8 2 2 2 19解释有关安全哈希功能的说明。4 2 2 3 20讨论消息身份验证的不同方法。
它的特点是什么?印度是发展中国家吗?5. 讨论经济计划的含义和基本目标。6. 讨论印度近期计划的成就和失败。7. 全球化的概念是什么?在印度背景下评价它。8. 解释印度的新经济政策。
我们研究量子信息和量子计算中出现的稳定器形式主义的数学、物理和计算方面。给出了泡利可观测量的测量过程及其算法。结果表明,要检测真正的纠缠,我们需要一整套稳定器生成器,并且稳定器见证比 GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger)见证更粗糙。我们讨论了稳定器代码,并从给定的线性代码构造了一个稳定器代码。我们还讨论了量子纠错、错误恢复标准和综合征提取。建立了稳定器形式的辛结构,并证明了任何稳定器代码都酉等价于一个平凡代码。通过获得相应的稳定器生成器,可以识别图代码作为稳定器代码的结构。获得了可嵌入稳定器代码在格中的距离。我们讨论了 Knill-Gottesman 定理、表表示和框架表示。利用稳定矩阵计算稳定门的模拟运行时间,并给出全局相位更新算法。给出了量子信道分解为稳定信道的过程。讨论了容量实现码,从而得到量子擦除信道的容量。最后,讨论了阴影层析成像问题,并给出了构造经典阴影的算法。
genetic systems. The components of a host-orthogonal genetic system include but are not limited to orthogonal DNA polymerase, orthogonal RNA polymerase, orthogonal aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, orthogonal transcription factors, and unnatural amino acids. Constructing a host-orthogonal genetic system is of great significance to the devel- opment of synthetic biology. Similar to a computer program, the genetic system needs to be modified and rewritten to meet different needs in synthetic biology. [2] However, the native genetic system is rigid and complex, [1] which brings challenges to genetic engineering for a fine-tuned con- trol of the genetic system. First, the heterogeneous elements and devices are often incompatible with or interfere with native biological systems. This is like a computer program that is suit- able for one operating system cannot be read in another oper- ating system. It is common for a genetic element which func- tions well in its host organism fails to work in another organism that is more suitable for large-scale industrial applications. [3–4] Second, massive modifications of the native genetic system may lead to the death of the host organism. For example, large phenotypic changes are often inaccessible in the host organism because the substantial genetic changes could harm the expres- sion of host genes. [4–5] To address these limitations, researchers set out to construct host-orthogonal genetic systems. Just like a virtual machine, the orthogonal genetic system separates from the large and unwieldy host operating systems, and shows operational flexibility and minimal impact on the host biolog- ical system. In this review, we will describe the design and con- struction of host-orthogonal genetic systems, highlight some of their applications in the synthetic biology field, and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities.
•目标: - 本课程的主要目标是介绍(扰动)量子场理论的一般技术。我们将详细讨论如何在QFT中使用各种类型的字段和交互作用进行计算。为此,重新归一化的想法将是至关重要的。最后,我们将应用一般思想,并详细讨论量子电动力学。