铝 (ppb) 200* 600 105 ND – 70 无 处理过程残留物、天然沉积物 氯化物 (ppm) 500* n/a 66 42 – 91 无 从天然沉积物中流出或沥出 颜色(颜色单位) 15* n/a 2 1 – 2 无 天然有机物 气味(气味阈值) 3* n/a 2 2 无 天然有机物 电导率 (µmho/cm) 1,600* n/a 642 424 – 859 无 在水中形成离子的物质 硫酸盐 (ppm) 500* n/a 122 70 – 175 无 从天然沉积物中流出或沥出 总溶解固体 (ppm) 1,000* n/a 394 253 – 534 无天然沉积物的径流或沥滤
4非癌症人类健康效应的风险阈值是等于,当暴露等于参考剂量(RFD)时。癌症效应的阈值是终身过剩的癌症风险为1x10-6,即,当寿命平均每日剂量导致高于背景癌症发病率的每百万次癌症病例时。5 Though EPA Method 1633 recommends that laboratories develop their own limit of quantification (LOQ) and method detection limit (MDL) when measuring PFAS in sewage sludge, most laboratories running this method achieve LOQs and MDLs of 1 ppb or lower for PFOA and PFOS ( se e https://www.epa.gov/cwa-方法/CWA分析方法和聚氟烷基 - 溶剂 - 替代pfas)。
• 扩展了内源性生物标志物(主要用于转运蛋白)部分,以指导 DDI 评估(下次关于临床 DDI 评估的介绍中将介绍); • 包括对血浆蛋白结合(PPB)测定的预期,以支持使用实验测量的 F u 对蛋白结合率极高的药物(>99%)预测临床 DDI 潜力; • 修改了评估药物作为时间依赖性抑制剂、诱导剂和 MATE 转运蛋白抑制剂的体内 DDI 潜力的简单标准); • 修改了关于代谢物作为酶或转运蛋白的抑制剂或诱导剂的 DDI 责任评估部分; • 添加关于 UGT 介导的 DDI 考虑因素的新章节; • 在附录中提供了用于体外或体内研究的药物示例,这些药物作为 CYP、UGT 和转运蛋白的底物、抑制剂或诱导剂。
摘要:石墨烯具有原子层厚度的二维共轭结构、大的比表面积等优异性能,被广泛研究作为理想的气体传感平台。本文报道,通过位点选择性离子束诱导氟化引入共价CF键,由于氟化石墨烯表面对气体的吸附增强,石墨烯对氨气的传感响应可以大大提高。对氨气的响应提高了8倍,检测限接近65 ppb。利用Langmuir等温模型分析了氨气和氟化石墨烯之间的吸收动力学,结果表明,灵敏度的提高主要归因于氟化石墨烯对氨气分子的强结合能,这与之前的理论预测一致。
太平洋西南食品和饲料实验室(PSFFL)使用尔湾快速分析方法(IRAM)提取程序来分析金枪鱼样品中的BPA。IRAM是一种有效且可靠的提取方法,用于分析脂肪食品矩阵1,2。该方法先前已用于鱼类,但仅包括农药;因此,由PSFFL开发的提取程序将样品制备专门扩展到BPA。对于文献3,4中看到的研究方法的分析范围可以在每千万亿(PPT)水平上检测,对于金枪鱼中BPA的常规调节性分析,检测和量化低分零件的能力(PPB)的能力是令人满意的。这项研究并非旨在测试BPA罐的涂料膜;它是使用LC-MS/MS在金枪鱼中分析BPA的。
用于半导体、制药、化学品或饮料生产的超纯水对氧化剂或还原剂等污染物的存在有严格的限制。进水源水通常经过氯化处理,并使用颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 或亚硫酸氢钠 (SBS) 等化学品进行脱氯。脱氯水经过额外处理,通常涉及 RO 过滤,此时操作员应保持低浓度的消毒剂,同时不允许过量的氧化剂损坏膜。研究表明,RO 过滤器长时间暴露于浓度超过 38 ppb 的氯(基于 3 年内 1000 ppm-hr)会对膜结构和完整性造成损害,而缺乏消毒剂会促进生物生长并导致恢复损失。为了保持这种微妙的平衡,操作员必须能够准确监测氯浓度和脱氯化学品的添加。
该项目旨在通过GCO(全球气候观察系统)要求生成GHG ECV数据产品。GCOS定义ECV GHG如下(请参见Sect。2对于与GCOS要求最新更新有关的评论):“诸如CO 2和CH 4等温室气体的检索,具有足够的质量,以估计区域来源和水槽”。在GHG-CCI+项目卫星衍生的XCO 2(以PPM为单位)和XCH 4(在PPB中)数据产物是从短波Infra-Red(SWIR)光谱区域中的卫星辐射观测中检索的。使用这些仪器,因为它们的测量值对最低的大气层也很敏感,因此提供了有关CO 2和CH 4的区域表面源和水槽的信息。所有产品均使用独立检索算法生成,以将GOSAT-2,OCO-2和Tropomi/S5P辐射光谱转换为2级(L2)XCO 2和/或XCH 4数据产品。
饮用水消毒剂的水平在此尚无已知或预期的健康风险。MRDLG不能反映使用消毒剂来控制微生物污染物的好处。MFL每升纤维(石棉度量)MREM:每年Millirems(人体吸收的辐射度量)NA:不适用。ntu肾上腺测量浊度单位(浊度度量)PCI/L每升毛皮菌(放射性度量)PPB:每升微克或数十亿ppm的零件:每位文学毫克毫克或每四个零件零件或每四倍零件或每四个零件或每升/ppt ppt/ppt ppt/ling tririefe(pg/l)零件(pg/l),nan nan trimiequre(l) TT:旨在降低饮用水中污染物水平的所需过程。
Standard Plan J-10.25-01 Transformer Cabinet (480V/240V - 240V/120V) : Standardized the design regardless of input and output voltages, removed the secondary main breaker to allow for full use of the 12-position breaker panel, added the option for inclusion of a lighting circuit (including photocell), and added a surge protection device to allow for direct wiring of Variable Message Signs (we will no longer receive a load center in a VMS cabinet, removing the need for a specialized VMS cabinet). Standard Plans J-20.01-01 Light and Signal Standard Index and Identification , J-21.10- 05 Type PS, Type 1, RM & FB Signal Standard Foundation Details, J-21.16-02 Flashing Beacon Type 1 Signal Standard Details, J-22.15-03 Ramp Meter (Type RM) Signal Standard Details, J-22.17-00 Ramp Meter Signal Installation Details (New Plan) - This block of plans has been revised to accomplish two things: 1. Slip-base foundations are being replaced with frangible bolt installations. This allows us to use one base plate, anchor bolt arrangement, and foundation design for both fixed and breakaway poles, with the only difference being the inclusion of breakaway bolt connections (ex: Transpo Pole-Safe), and for any site to be breakaway without significant modifications. Slip base pole drawings will be retained internally to support ordering maintenance spares, but all new construction will be square base plates. 2. Simplify the number of pole types. To reduce the number of pole types, omit duplicate information, and make the types more clear, the short vertical poles have been revised into four basic setups: PS (8 ft, square base), RM (8 ft, triangle base), I (10 ft, square base), and FB (15 ft, square base). To support this, J-22.17 was split out as a separate plan for Type I Ramp Meter Signal installations as it uses different pole types for different base configurations – J-22.15 was reduced to just the Type RM pole itself (no foundation or base details). Standard Plan J-20.05-00 Pedestrian Pushbutton (PPB) Location and Orientation (New Plan) - This is a new plan that shows proper field placement and orientation of accessible pedestrian pushbuttons. This had been in the works for a while, but the pending requirement that all PPBs be accessible (not necessarily APS) pushed this to the top of the list. Along with pending Design Manual revisions (1330 and 1510), this will now be an issue for flashing beacon systems (including RRFBs). Standard Plan J-20.15-04 Accessible Breakaway Pedestrian Pushbutton (PPB) Post - Breakaway PPB Post: Revised to show both a flat and curb based installation. The fixed base version has been deleted and will no longer be allowed for new construction. Standard Plan J-28.30-04 Steel Light Standard Foundation Types A & B - Per discussions with maintenance, we are moving the supplemental ground connection so that it only bonds the pole anchor bolts to the foundation reinforcing steel. This will perform the same function as the previous setup that connected the reinforcing steel to the ground lug in the pole while remaining intact in case of a knockdown (typically the current design is sheared and no longer usable).
在过去的五十年中,基于金属半导体氧化物(MOX)的气体传感器由于检测各种气体的性能而引起了人们的注意。因此,我们在本文上报告了基于赤铁矿(α-FE 2 O 3)微霍姆的BTEX气体传感器,通过热液方法合成。X射线衍射和X射线吸收光谱分析表明,水热处理后存在原始的赤铁矿相。电子显微镜分析表明,赤铁矿样品由具有菱形形状和平均大小为140 nm的单晶组成。的电测量结果指出,血液微骨对子PPM BTEX水平敏感,其中最小检测到的水平为3 ppb,长期稳定性为1个月。此处介绍的结果证明了血液微孔作为制造BTEX气体传感器设备的传感材料的潜力。