假嘧啶(ψ)是细胞RNA中最丰富的修饰之一。但是,其功能仍然难以捉摸,这主要是由于缺乏高度敏感和准确的检测方法。在这里,我们引入了2-溴丙烯酰胺辅助的环化测序(BAC),该测序(BACS)可以实现ψ-to-c转变,以在单基准分辨率下对ψ进行定量分析。BAC允许精确鉴定ψ位置,尤其是在密集修改的ψ区和连续的尿苷序列中。BAC检测到人rRNA和剪接小核RNA中的所有已知ψ位点,并生成了人类小核仁RNA和TRNA的定量ψ图。此外,BAC同时检测到腺苷对肌苷编辑位点和N 1-甲基腺苷。假氨酸合酶TRUB1,PUS7和PUS1的耗竭阐明了它们的靶标和序列基序。我们进一步确定了爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒编码的小RNA Eber2中高度丰富的ψ114位点。出乎意料的是,将BAC应用于RNA病毒面板表明其病毒转录本或基因组中没有ψ,从而阐明了病毒家族的假胞苷化差异。
$500 - $999 AE Sampson & Son, Ltd. *Jonathan & Nancy Aldrich Charles Altschul 夫妇 Bangor 储蓄银行 Stephen J. Barr & Martha G. Leggat Ellen & John Bates Susan & Richard Bates Todd & Christine Beacham Bill & Barbara Bentley John & Pamela Blackford Evelyn Blum & Steve Thomas Hathaway & Galen Brewster Patrick & Carol Cardon Belinda & Alvin Chase, Sr. Ed Collins 先生 Peter M. & Sally Enggass Angie & Ted Ewing David & Pat Farmer Bruce & Joy Faulkner Erin M. Flanagan Maureen Flanagan & Mike Bridges Ben & Leslie Fuller Mandy Funkhouser Lisa & Leon Gorman Harbor Road 兽医医院 Hedgerow Josie Hughes KeyBank 基金会 Paul & Betty Killoran Richard Lee & Cheryl Short-Lee Alexander Wilson Lloyd Bill & Beth Long Colin & Janet Marshall John & Penelope Maynard Philip 博士和 Deborah McKean 牧师 Mount Pleasant 牙科护理 Tom 和 Lisa Neely Sherman 和 Elaine Olson Alan 和 Marnie Pease Bonnie 和 Dave Percival Sarah Rheault Ellen 和 David Rich Jim 和 Ann Robbins Rockland 扶轮社 Nancy 和 Robert Shipman Wyeth 基金会 Kip 和 Evan Thomas Alexander F. Watson Jeremy Wintersteen Tom 和 Dennie Wolf Nicholas Wyeth
5HT 5'羟基戊胺ADA腺苷脱氨酶ADCC抗体依赖性细胞/细胞细胞毒性AFP AFPα-抗蛋白质AICD活化诱导的细胞死亡有助于获得的细胞死亡有助于获得的免疫综合征AIHA自身蛋白酶肌氨基蛋白酶阳离子孔(BB)bal骨蛋白酶囊孔囊孔, carcinoembryonic antigen CGD chronic granulomatous disease CMV cytomegalovirus CRD carbohydrate recognition domain CRH corticotrophin-releasing hormone CRP C-reactive protein CTL cytolytic/cytotoxic T lymphocyte CVID common variable immunodeficiency DAF decay-accelerating factor DAG diacyl glycerol DC dendritic cell DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity EAE experimental allergic encephalomyelitis EBV Epstein–Barr virus ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER endoplasmic reticulum FDC follicular dendritic cell FRT female reproductive tract GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue GC germinal center G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor GI gastrointestinal GOD generation of diversity HAMA human anti-mouse antibody HBV hepatitis B virus HEV high endothelial venules HHV8 human herpes virus 8 HIV human immunodeficiency virus HLA human leukocyte抗原
AB Assembly Bill ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments AF Acre-foot AMI Automated Meter Infrastructure AWWA American Water Works Association BARDP Bay Area Regional Desalination Project BARR Bay Area Regional Reliability BMP Best Management Practices CalWEP California Water Efficiency Partnership CII Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council CVP Central Valley Project CWC California Water Code DCP Delta Conveyance Project DDW California Division of Drinking Water DMA District Metered Areas DMM Demand Management Measures DWR California Department of Water Resources EAMP Enterprise Asset Management Plan GIS Geographic Information System gpcd Gallons per Capita per Day GWAMP Groundwater Well Asset Management Plan HCD California Department of Housing and Community Development IPR Indirect Potable Reuse kWh Kilowatt Hour MAP Monitoring and Assessment Program MCL Maximum污染物极限毫克百万加仑每天每天MGD百万加仑的谅解备忘录,了解NPDES国家污染物排放消除系统PFAS和多氟烷基物质PWS公共水系统RHNA区域住房需要分配RWQCB RWQCB RWQCB区域水质控制委员克拉拉地区废水设施
$500 - $999 AE Sampson & Son, Ltd. *Jonathan & Nancy Aldrich Charles Altschul 夫妇 Bangor 储蓄银行 Stephen J. Barr & Martha G. Leggat Ellen & John Bates Susan & Richard Bates Todd & Christine Beacham Bill & Barbara Bentley John & Pamela Blackford Evelyn Blum & Steve Thomas Hathaway & Galen Brewster Patrick & Carol Cardon Belinda & Alvin Chase, Sr. Ed Collins 先生 Peter M. & Sally Enggass Angie & Ted Ewing David & Pat Farmer Bruce & Joy Faulkner Erin M. Flanagan Maureen Flanagan & Mike Bridges Ben & Leslie Fuller Mandy Funkhouser Lisa & Leon Gorman Harbor Road 兽医医院 Hedgerow Josie Hughes KeyBank 基金会 Paul & Betty Killoran Richard Lee & Cheryl Short-Lee Alexander Wilson Lloyd Bill & Beth Long Colin & Janet Marshall John & Penelope Maynard Philip 博士和 Deborah McKean 牧师 Mount Pleasant 牙科护理 Tom 和 Lisa Neely Sherman 和 Elaine Olson Alan 和 Marnie Pease Bonnie 和 Dave Percival Sarah Rheault Ellen 和 David Rich Jim 和 Ann Robbins Rockland 扶轮社 Nancy 和 Robert Shipman Wyeth 基金会 Kip 和 Evan Thomas Alexander F. Watson Jeremy Wintersteen Tom 和 Dennie Wolf Nicholas Wyeth
$500 - $999 AE Sampson & Son, Ltd. *Jonathan & Nancy Aldrich Charles Altschul 夫妇 Bangor 储蓄银行 Stephen J. Barr & Martha G. Leggat Ellen & John Bates Susan & Richard Bates Todd & Christine Beacham Bill & Barbara Bentley John & Pamela Blackford Evelyn Blum & Steve Thomas Hathaway & Galen Brewster Patrick & Carol Cardon Belinda & Alvin Chase, Sr. Ed Collins 先生 Peter M. & Sally Enggass Angie & Ted Ewing David & Pat Farmer Bruce & Joy Faulkner Erin M. Flanagan Maureen Flanagan & Mike Bridges Ben & Leslie Fuller Mandy Funkhouser Lisa & Leon Gorman Harbor Road 兽医医院 Hedgerow Josie Hughes KeyBank 基金会 Paul & Betty Killoran Richard Lee & Cheryl Short-Lee Alexander Wilson Lloyd Bill & Beth Long Colin & Janet Marshall John & Penelope Maynard Philip 博士和 Deborah McKean 牧师 Mount Pleasant 牙科护理 Tom 和 Lisa Neely Sherman 和 Elaine Olson Alan 和 Marnie Pease Bonnie 和 Dave Percival Sarah Rheault Ellen 和 David Rich Jim 和 Ann Robbins Rockland 扶轮社 Nancy 和 Robert Shipman Wyeth 基金会 Kip 和 Evan Thomas Alexander F. Watson Jeremy Wintersteen Tom 和 Dennie Wolf Nicholas Wyeth
$500 - $999 AE Sampson & Son, Ltd. *Jonathan & Nancy Aldrich Charles Altschul 夫妇 Bangor 储蓄银行 Stephen J. Barr & Martha G. Leggat Ellen & John Bates Susan & Richard Bates Todd & Christine Beacham Bill & Barbara Bentley John & Pamela Blackford Evelyn Blum & Steve Thomas Hathaway & Galen Brewster Patrick & Carol Cardon Belinda & Alvin Chase, Sr. Ed Collins 先生 Peter M. & Sally Enggass Angie & Ted Ewing David & Pat Farmer Bruce & Joy Faulkner Erin M. Flanagan Maureen Flanagan & Mike Bridges Ben & Leslie Fuller Mandy Funkhouser Lisa & Leon Gorman Harbor Road 兽医医院 Hedgerow Josie Hughes KeyBank 基金会 Paul & Betty Killoran Richard Lee & Cheryl Short-Lee Alexander Wilson Lloyd Bill & Beth Long Colin & Janet Marshall John & Penelope Maynard Philip 博士和 Deborah McKean 牧师 Mount Pleasant 牙科护理 Tom 和 Lisa Neely Sherman 和 Elaine Olson Alan 和 Marnie Pease Bonnie 和 Dave Percival Sarah Rheault Ellen 和 David Rich Jim 和 Ann Robbins Rockland 扶轮社 Nancy 和 Robert Shipman Wyeth 基金会 Kip 和 Evan Thomas Alexander F. Watson Jeremy Wintersteen Tom 和 Dennie Wolf Nicholas Wyeth
$500 - $999 AE Sampson & Son, Ltd. *Jonathan & Nancy Aldrich Charles Altschul 夫妇 Bangor 储蓄银行 Stephen J. Barr & Martha G. Leggat Ellen & John Bates Susan & Richard Bates Todd & Christine Beacham Bill & Barbara Bentley John & Pamela Blackford Evelyn Blum & Steve Thomas Hathaway & Galen Brewster Patrick & Carol Cardon Belinda & Alvin Chase, Sr. Ed Collins 先生 Peter M. & Sally Enggass Angie & Ted Ewing David & Pat Farmer Bruce & Joy Faulkner Erin M. Flanagan Maureen Flanagan & Mike Bridges Ben & Leslie Fuller Mandy Funkhouser Lisa & Leon Gorman Harbor Road 兽医医院 Hedgerow Josie Hughes KeyBank 基金会 Paul & Betty Killoran Richard Lee & Cheryl Short-Lee Alexander Wilson Lloyd Bill & Beth Long Colin & Janet Marshall John & Penelope Maynard Philip 博士和 Deborah McKean 牧师 Mount Pleasant 牙科护理 Tom 和 Lisa Neely Sherman 和 Elaine Olson Alan 和 Marnie Pease Bonnie 和 Dave Percival Sarah Rheault Ellen 和 David Rich Jim 和 Ann Robbins Rockland 扶轮社 Nancy 和 Robert Shipman Wyeth 基金会 Kip 和 Evan Thomas Alexander F. Watson Jeremy Wintersteen Tom 和 Dennie Wolf Nicholas Wyeth
扩增、检测 Cod. 91.22.3 人类免疫缺陷病毒 [HIV] RNA 定量分析。包括:提取、扩增、检测 R Cod. 91.23.7 人类免疫缺陷病毒 [HIV] 核酸突变分析,用于检测抗病毒药物耐药性。包括:提取、逆转录、扩增、测序或其他方法 R Cod. 91.15.B 巨细胞病毒:DNA 定性分析。包括:提取、扩增、检测 Cod. 91.15.C 巨细胞病毒:定量 DNA 分析。包括:提取、扩增、检测 Cod. 91.15.5 巨细胞病毒:尿液定性 DNA 分析。 Cod. 91.21.D 爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒 [EBV] 定性/定量 DNA 分析。包括:提取、扩增、检测 Cod.91.24.9 人乳头瘤病毒 [HPV]。定性/定量 DNA。包括:提取、扩增、检测 Cod.91.24.C 人乳头瘤病毒 [HPV] 基因组分型。包括:提取、扩增、检测 Cod.91.12.B 生物材料中的病毒核酸。定性/定量研究。包括:提取、可能的逆转录、扩增和检测(指定要研究的病毒和要分析的生物材料)
阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是最普遍的痴呆类型,其特征是存在老年斑块和神经纤维缠结。关于AD原因有多种理论,但是病毒和细菌感染之间的联系及其在AD发病机理中的潜在作用已成为该领域的一个有趣领域。各种病毒,例如单纯疱疹病毒1(HSV-1),爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒(EBV),巨细胞病毒(CMV),流感病毒和严重的急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2),以及诸如Chlamydia pneoriae pneoriae pneoria pneoria pneoria pneoria pneoriae peymydia pneoriayee(CP) (HP),卟啉症(牙龈疟原虫),螺旋体和真核单细胞寄生虫(例如,弓形虫弓形虫)与AD联系在一起,因为它们激活了免疫系统,诱导炎症并诱导氧化应激,并增加氧化应激,因此导致认知和AD降低了认知。此外,microRNA(miRNA)可能在这些病原体的发病机理中起关键作用,因为它们可用于靶向各种蛋白质编码基因,从而允许免疫逃避,维持潜伏期和抑制细胞信号分子。也可以调节人类细胞中的基因表达。本文概述了AD与各种感染剂之间的关联,重点是这些病原体可能与AD发病机理有关的机制。这些发现提出了重要的领域,以便在未来的研究中探索进一步的研究。
