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从“什么是新政治经济学”到“为什么一切......
本文分为五个部分。第 1 部分研究了多少学者使用了“基于理性选择”这一术语——社会科学家。第 2 部分研究了经济政策和经济计划理论的兴衰，以及它对新政治经济学的出现有何关键作用。第 3 部分 H[SRVHV WKH KLVWRU\ RI WKH SXEOLF FKRLFH PRYHPHQW，WKH ILUVW RQH WR XVH WKH WHUP µQHZ SROLWLFDO HFRQRP\¶ WR UHIHU WR LWV DSSURDFK，EHIRUH GHFLGLQJ IRU WKH WHUP µSXEOLF FKRLFH¶。 6HFWLRQ 4 H[SRVHV 不同的争论，特别是参与公共选择运动的政治经济学家与不参与该术语争论的政治经济学家之间的争论。第 5 节总结道，强调标签的重要性。 1. 政治经济学的众多名称 将（新）政治经济学定义为政治的经济研究存在一个问题，即陷入 D WUXLVP：µVXFK D YDJXH GHILQLWLRQ PD\ KDYH WKH YLUWXH RI EHLQJ DOO -inclusive，它没有任何实际意义 RI ZKDW LV EHLQJ VWXGLHG¶（DUD]HQ，2000 年，第 5 页）。 IW VKRXOG EH UHPHPEHUHG WKDW、LQ VSL 许多 GLIIHUHQW GHILQLWLRQV、HFRQRPLVWV RQFH UHIHUUHG WR WKHLU GLVFLSOLQH DV µSROLWLFDO HFRQRP\¶。 7KH SUHIHUHQFH IRU WKH WHUP µSROLWLFDO HFRQRP\¶ ODVWHG XQWLO WKH PDUJLQDO UHYROXWLRQ、LQ WKH EQJOLVK - 口语文献 29 (FLJXUH 1)。 AOIUHG 0DUVKDOO¶V GHILQLWLRQ RI µ3ROLWLFDO EFRQRP\ RU EFRQRPLFV¶ DV µD VWXG\ RI 人类 LQ WKH RUGLQDU\ EXVLQHVV RI OLIH¶ (0DUVKDOO, 1920 >1890@) ZRXOG EHFRPH RQH 最为人熟知的定义。此时，这两个术语仍然可以互换。情况
2025年1月28日-Maseru-信息丰富的新闻
轴在任何国家的生态和社会发展中都起着关键作用。他们为医疗保健，教育，基础设施和社会保障等基本服务提供资金。对于许多人来说，税收仍然是一个复杂且经常被误解的主题。阐明了共同的误解，并强调了企业可获得的激励措施，特别是非正式部门的企业，内容丰富的报纸与税务服务公司（RSL）（RSL）和街头小贩进行了交谈。对于许多小型企业主而言，税收通常会增加负担。但是，了解税收如何向公共服务征收，以及税收lqfhqwlyhv fdq doohyldwh»qdqfldo vwuhvv可以改变这种看法。街头供应商和小型企业主（经济的骨干）有可能成长和壮成长，同时为一个更强大，更公平的社会提供支持。街头供应商对税收有何看法？Motlatsi是一个水果和蔬菜街供应商，他说：“我知道我需要缴纳税款，但这很难。我在具有挑战性的条件下很长时间工作，有时我什至不足以满足我的基本需求。”莫拉佩利（Morapeli）是一家时尚零售商，认为税收增加了他本来就很繁重的工作：hgrq¶wkdyh wkh ehqh了wkdw wkdw正式员工，例如医疗保健或带薪休假我们从口袋里支付所有费用，包括供应和转运费用。讨论税收时，感觉就像我们在税收政策的设计中没有考虑过，尤其是我们进口产品的税收政策。” Boithatelo，另一个街头小贩，
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