在《联合国公会/巴黎协定》中,COP26和COP27的封面决定已经认识到自然的价值,即保持1.5°C的范围和适应性。The UAE Consensus from COP28 went even further and emphasized the importance of conserving, protecting and restoring nature and ecosystems towards achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goal, including through enhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, and other terrestrial and marine ecosystems acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and by conserving biodiversity, while确保与Kunming-Montreal全球生物多样性框架相一致的社会和环境保护措施(决策1/CMA.5,第33条)。当事人还邀请各方保存和恢复海洋和沿海生态系统,并适当地扩大基于海洋的缓解行动。
森林砍伐和森林退化是气候变化和生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一,而气候变化和生物多样性丧失是我们这个时代的两大环境挑战。联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)估计,1990 年至 2020 年期间,因森林砍伐而失去 4.2 亿公顷森林,面积超过欧盟(EU)的面积。政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)估计,2007-2016 年温室气体排放总量的 23% 来自农业、林业和其他土地利用。1 与此同时,世界人口的增长预计将增加对农业用地的需求并对森林造成额外压力,还有生物经济扩张等其他趋势 2 。加大行动力度,防治森林砍伐和森林退化,并在全球范围内朝着可持续生产的方向做出决定性转变,对于遏制威胁我们共同未来的气候和生物多样性危机至关重要。鉴于现有的科学证据表明森林砍伐与降雨和气温水平之间存在联系,森林砍伐还将有助于解决全球水危机。此外,森林提供从防洪、净水到药物等重要的生态系统服务,并在社会脱碳方面发挥关键作用。这些服务的丧失往往对较贫穷和较脆弱的人群打击最大。
List of abbreviations AD Avoided Deforestation CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resource Management CC Climate Change CDN Clean Development Mechanism ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States FACE Forests Absorbing Carbon Dioxide Emissions FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation FPCF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility FPIC Free, prior and informed consent ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IFPRI International Food Policy Research研究所IEIED国际环境与发展研究所气候变化IPCC跨越国际国际自然保护联盟lulucf土地使用,土地使用变化和森林砍伐MDGS MILLENNIM DEVEMANT NAAPA国家适应计划的行动NGOS NGOS NGOS NGOS NGOS NGOS NGOS非政府非政府组织NLUP NALUP NALLUP NALLAUP NALLAUP NALLAUP NALLAUP NARLAUP NARMEC GREANITION(BANGLADESTENTER INSTICE)NRI自然资源(BanglaDeSitute Institute of Institute of Institute of Institute of Instuction of Instuction)经济合作与开发组织的环境服务支付红色降低森林砍伐的排放量减少了森林砍伐和森林退化的排放
应对全球紧急气候危机的响应,围绕环境可持续性的监管框架一直在全球范围内迅速发展。对气候变化作为生存威胁的日益认识促使各国采取旨在减轻其影响的严格措施。欧洲联盟(EU)在这些努力中发挥了领导作用,实施了一系列综合法规,该法规针对在欧盟市场中运营的两家公司及其从中出口的公司,只要它们符合某些标准。Key regulations, including the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), the EU Forced Labour Ban , and the EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation , have recently been adopted, introducing and reinforcing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) requirements for businesses (Table 1).
在《联合国公会/巴黎协定》中,COP26和COP27的封面决定已经认识到自然的价值,即保持1.5°C的范围和适应性。The UAE Consensus from COP28 went even further and emphasized the importance of conserving, protecting and restoring nature and ecosystems towards achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goal, including through enhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, and other terrestrial and marine ecosystems acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and by conserving biodiversity, while确保与Kunming-Montreal全球生物多样性框架相一致的社会和环境保护措施(决策1/CMA.5,第33条)。当事人还邀请各方保存和恢复海洋和沿海生态系统,并适当地扩大基于海洋的缓解行动。
研究表明,热带森林正在以惊人的速度破坏(Hartshorn,1989; Sabogal,1992; Legesse Negash,1995; Demel Teketay,1996)。森林砍伐已导致森林覆盖量的下降,全球和国家一级生物多样性的丧失(Skole and Tucker,1993; Epa,1997; Kumar,1997)。贫穷和缺乏替代的生计一直是森林破坏的驱动力。埃塞俄比亚的森林遗传资源保护策略(2002年)和关于森林发展,保护与利用的宣言(2007年)已将森林砍伐视为对埃塞俄比亚森林生物多样性的主要威胁。由于人口不断增长,对燃料木材的需求不断增加,森林中的非法定居点,伐木和非法贸易的扩大是造成森林资源损失的主要因素,因此农业用地的森林砍伐。森林覆盖范围的减少和森林遗传资源的丧失对保护森林生物多样性构成了严重威胁。