气候变化对人类健康,福祉和生计的影响已经被感受到(政府间气候变化,2022年)。极端热量直接引起心血管和呼吸系统疾病,并对产妇的健康和出生结果产生负面影响(Carolan-Olah和Frankowska,2014; Syed,O'Sullivan和Phillips,2022; Ruan等,2023; Kuehn和McCormick,2017)。Natural hazards, such as storms and landslides, can cause damages to houses, severe injuries or death (Son, Liu and Bell, 2019).除了这些直接影响外,气候变化还通过破坏生计机会,造成粮食和水不安全感并减少获得基本服务的机会,间接影响健康和福祉(McMichael,2013; Sellers,Ebi和Hess,2019年)。例如,气候诱发的干旱事件减少了供水,因此导致农业产量下降,这可能会影响收入和粮食供应(Warner,2012年)。Water stress also makes women and girls travel longer distances to fetch water or take more time to do the household chores (e.g.洗衣),这使它们更容易受到健康影响。