2.1 Studying Behavior across Development 2.1.1 Study Designs 2.1.2 Converging Technologies and Methods 2.2 Behavioral Studies 2.2.1 Studying Infant Cognition 2.2.2 Studying Child and Adolescent Cognition 2.3 Probing Human Brain Structure 2.3.1 Structural MRI 2.3.2 Diffusion-Weigh ted Imaging (DWI) 2.4 Probing Human Brain Function: Measures of Electrical Activity 2.4.1 Electroencephalography (EEG) 2.4.2 Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) Derived from EEG 2.4.3 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) 2.5 Probing Human Brain Function: Blood-Based Measures 2.5.1 Cerebral Blood Volume and Flow 2.5.2 Overview of fMRI 2.5.3 ÍNIRS 2.6 fMRI Data Analysis 2.6.1 The Basics 2.6.2 Interpretation of Pediatric fMRI Data 2.6.3 Functional Connectivity