ii End-of-vehicle-life (EoVL) describes a “battery pack whose life within a vehicle has come to an end and is ready for its journey along one of the pathways,” including repair, remanufacturing, resale as is, repurpose, direct to recycling,” while end-of-life (EoL) “refers to a battery pack whose entire useful life has come to an end and is ready for recycling” (CVMA & call2recycle(2022)。电动汽车末期的电池电池管理:加拿大的底漆,第1页。 11)。