2.1能源市场..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1芬兰能源市场.....................................................................................Elspot market ............................................................................................. 20 2.1.1.1.2.Elbas market ............................................................................................... 20 2.1.1.2 Ancillary service markets .............................................................................. 20 2.1.1.2.1.频率遏制储备（FCR）....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1.2.1.1。FCR for normal operation (FCR-N) ....................................................... 22 2.1.1.2.1.2.fcr用于干扰（FCR-D）....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.1.2.2。频率恢复储备（FRR）................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1.2.2.1。Automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) ................................... 23 2.1.1.2.2.2.手动频率修复储备（MFRR）............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1.2.1。Balancing power market ............................................................................ 25 2.1.1.2.1.1.UP-regulation ......................................................................................... 25 2.1.1.2.1.2.Down-regulation ..................................................................................... 25 2.1.1.2.2.储备市场运营................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... QUESS申请的背景使用的市场（比较） (Midcontinent Independent System Operators) .................................. 28 2.1.2.4 NYISO (New York Independent System Operator) ...................................... 28 2.1.2.5 ISO-NE (The Independent System Operator New England) ......................... 28 2.1.2.6 SPP (The Southwest Power Pool ) ................................................................. 29 2.1.2.7 CAISO (The California Independent System Operator) ................................ 29