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牙龈疾病、糖尿病的关系
牙周病学家解释这两种疾病之间的关系如何影响患者的护理和预防
来源:哈佛大学报For people living with diabetes, caring for their gums can be just as important as managing blood sugar. Research has shown that there is a two-way relationship between periodontal disease — more commonly known as gum disease — and diabetes.
患有牙周炎的人患糖尿病的风险较高，糖尿病患者患牙周病的可能性是其三倍。根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的数据，全球约 50% 的成年人受到牙龈疾病的影响，每年有超过 35 亿人受到口腔疾病的影响。
为了阐明这种联系，哈佛大学牙科医学院采访了该学院口腔医学、感染和免疫系讲师、牙周病学高级研究生教育项目主任 David Wu。
Can you explain why people with diabetes are at higher risk for gum disease?
由于血糖水平持续升高，糖尿病患者患牙龈疾病的风险增加，这会损害身体抵抗感染的能力并促进口腔慢性炎症。这种减弱的免疫反应与唾液中较高含量的葡萄糖相结合，使有害的口腔细菌繁殖并形成牙菌斑，增加牙龈组织破坏和牙周感染的可能性。
What early signs of gum disease should someone with diabetes be aware of?
牙龈疾病的早期症状可能包括牙龈发红、肿胀或容易出血，尤其是在刷牙或使用牙线时。持续的口臭、牙龈压痛、牙龈线后退和牙齿松动也可能是牙周问题出现的信号。这些早期迹象通常是无痛的，但不应忽视，并需要牙科专业人员及时评估。
Can treating gum disease help improve diabetes management?
Are there any recent research findings that have changed how we understand the link between diabetes and oral health?