1。Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.关于前列腺癌...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5什么是前列腺癌?6前列腺癌的症状是什么?6前列腺癌的前景是什么?7 3。Tests to diagnose prostate cancer .............................................................................................. 8 4.Understanding prostate cancer test results ........................................................................ 11 5.诊断后会发生什么?前列腺癌如何治疗?................................................................................................. 15 Health professionals you might see.......................................................................................... 15 Questions to ask.................................................................................................................................. 17 The value of a second opinion...................................................................................................... 18 Telling friends and family................................................................................................................. 18 Telling children..................................................................................................................................... 19 6............................................................................................... 20 Active Surveillance........................................................................................................................... 22 Watchful Waiting............................................................................................................................... 23 Surgery.................................................................................................................................................... 24 Radiation therapy.............................................................................................................................. 25 Hormone therapy.............................................................................................................................. 27 Chemotherapy................................................................................................................................... 28 Radioisotope therapy for metastases..................................................................................... 29 New therapies under investigation.......................................................................................... 29 Palliative护理..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
1 inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科inha大学医院,Inha大学医学院,伊利诺大学医学院,英式共和国,韩国共和国2,阿乔大学医学院妇产科,苏旺 - 苏顿医学院,吉昂·苏(Suwon-si),吉昂·尼(Suwon-Si),吉隆基 - 多(Gyeonggi-Do) 4 Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 8 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 10大韩民国Gyonggi-do,Seongnam-si的首尔国立大学Bundang医院妇产科
5中心国家desCytopéniesAutoMunes de l'Enfant(Cerevance),小儿血液学单元,中心D'USCOMPTION CLINGICE CLINGICEPLURITHématique(CICP)INSERM 1401 INSERM 1401,Bordeaux大学医院6Hôpital-Armand-Trousseau Ap-HP,索邦大学,法国巴黎的D'Hémato-OncologiePédiatrique服务; 7埃及开罗Ain Shams大学儿科血液学/肿瘤学系; 8英国曼彻斯特学术健康科学中心,曼彻斯特大学中央医院NHS基金会信托基金会8皇家曼彻斯特儿童医院; 9 Carmen和Ann Adams血液学/肿瘤学科儿科学系,密歇根州中部儿童医院,密歇根州中部,美国密歇根州底特律和10儿科血液学和肿瘤科,Charité,柏林,德国,德国,德国
Aberg,K.,Saetre,P.,Jareborg,N。,&Jazin,E。(2006)。 人类QKI,人类少突胶质细胞相关基因的电量调节剂参与精神分裂症。 美国国家科学院会议录,103(19),7482 - 7487。https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601213103 Angelini,Angelini,Angelini,Angelini,J.,J.,Marangon,D.,Marangon,D.,Raffaele,S.,Raffaele,S.,Lecca,D.,D.,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,I。 表达GPR17细胞的分布与多发性硬化症患者脑组织中的白质炎症状态相关。 国际分子科学杂志,22(9),4574。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094574 Artegiani,B.,Lyubimova,A. 一项单细胞RNA测序研究揭示了海马神经元的细胞和分子动力学。 单元报告,21(11),3271 - 3284。https://doi.org/10。 1016/j.celrep.2017.11.050 Bare,D.J.,Lauder,J.M.,Wilkie,M.B。,&Maness,P.F。(1993)。 大鼠脑中的 p59fyn位于成年神经元和幻影的轴突谱和亚群中。 Oncogene,8(6),1429 - 1436。 Bergles,D。E.和Richardson,W。D.(2015)。 少突胶质细胞的发展和可塑性。 Cold Spring Harbors生物学的观点,8(2),A20453。 https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a020453 Boda,E.,Vigano,F.,Rosa,P.,Fumagalli,M. (2011)。 NG2表达细胞中的GPR17受体:关注体内细胞成熟和参与急性创伤和慢性损伤。Aberg,K.,Saetre,P.,Jareborg,N。,&Jazin,E。(2006)。人类QKI,人类少突胶质细胞相关基因的电量调节剂参与精神分裂症。美国国家科学院会议录,103(19),7482 - 7487。https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601213103 Angelini,Angelini,Angelini,Angelini,J.,J.,Marangon,D.,Marangon,D.,Raffaele,S.,Raffaele,S.,Lecca,D.,D.,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,&Abbrac,I。表达GPR17细胞的分布与多发性硬化症患者脑组织中的白质炎症状态相关。国际分子科学杂志,22(9),4574。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094574 Artegiani,B.,Lyubimova,A.一项单细胞RNA测序研究揭示了海马神经元的细胞和分子动力学。单元报告,21(11),3271 - 3284。https://doi.org/10。1016/j.celrep.2017.11.050 Bare,D.J.,Lauder,J.M.,Wilkie,M.B。,&Maness,P.F。(1993)。p59fyn位于成年神经元和幻影的轴突谱和亚群中。Oncogene,8(6),1429 - 1436。Bergles,D。E.和Richardson,W。D.(2015)。少突胶质细胞的发展和可塑性。Cold Spring Harbors生物学的观点,8(2),A20453。https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a020453 Boda,E.,Vigano,F.,Rosa,P.,Fumagalli,M.(2011)。NG2表达细胞中的GPR17受体:关注体内细胞成熟和参与急性创伤和慢性损伤。Glia,59(12),1958 - 1973。https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.21237 Bonfanti,E.,Bonifacino,T.GPR17受体的异常上调导致SOD1 G93A小鼠中的少突胶质细胞功能障碍。 国际分子科学杂志,21(7),2395。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072395 Bonfanti,E.,E.,Gelosa,P.,Fumagalli,P. (2017)。 少突drocyte-drocyte前体细胞在中风后在脑重现中表达GPR17受体的作用。 细胞死亡与疾病,8(6),E2871。 https://doi.org/ 10.1038/cddis.2017.256GPR17受体的异常上调导致SOD1 G93A小鼠中的少突胶质细胞功能障碍。国际分子科学杂志,21(7),2395。https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072395 Bonfanti,E.,E.,Gelosa,P.,Fumagalli,P. (2017)。少突drocyte-drocyte前体细胞在中风后在脑重现中表达GPR17受体的作用。细胞死亡与疾病,8(6),E2871。https://doi.org/ 10.1038/cddis.2017.256https://doi.org/ 10.1038/cddis.2017.256
Sprr1a在骨肉瘤肿瘤发生中的作用:一项使用新生成的人造癌干细胞的研究Sprr1a在骨肉瘤肿瘤发生中的作用:一项使用新生成的人造癌干细胞
抽象引言对低血糖(FOH)的恐惧会影响1型糖尿病患者(PWT1D)的生活质量,情感幸福感和糖尿病管理。美国糖尿病协会(ADA)指南建议在临床实践中评估FOH。但是,现有的FOH度量通常用于研究,而不是在临床实践中。在这项研究中,使用新开发的FOH筛选器在PWT1D中评估了FOH的患病率;还确定了它与已建立的措施和结果的关联。此外,还探索了医疗保健提供者(HCP)对将FOH筛查者实施到现实世界实践中的观点。研究设计和方法这一多相观察性研究使用了两个阶段的混合方法。首先,我们从PWT1D(≥18岁)的T1D交换质量改进协作成人诊所收集了一项横断面调查(包括筛选器)。Pearson的相关性和回归分析是在使用筛选器评分的糖尿病结果指标上进行的。第二,我们在治疗PWT1D和描述性分析的HCP中进行了焦点小组以总结结果。结果我们包括553 PWT1D。参与者的平均±SD年龄为38.9±14.2岁,而30%的参与者报告了FOH总分高。回归分析表明,较高的A1C和较高数量的合并症与高FOH显着相关(P <0.001)。高FOH忧虑和行为评分与8项患者健康问卷和7项广义焦虑症量表评分显着相关。≥1个严重低血糖事件(S)和低血糖认识的参与者的高FOH几率更高。11个HCP参加了焦点小组访谈;他们表示,FOH筛选器在临床上是必要的和相关的,但提出了必须解决的实施挑战。结论我们的结果表明,FOH在PWT1D中很常见,并影响了他们的社会心理健康和糖尿病管理。与ADA位置声明保持一致,HCP焦点组结果强调了FOH筛选的重要性。实施这个新开发的FOH筛选器可能会帮助HCPS在PWT1D中识别FOH。
基于摘要的树突状细胞(DC)的免疫疗法已应用于胶质母细胞瘤(GBM);但是,告知反应的生物标志物仍然对回应的理解仍然很差。我们在基于替莫唑胺的化学放疗后,研究了接受TFDC免疫疗法的患者,研究了替莫唑胺的化学疗法并确定预后因素的患者,研究了肿瘤融合的DC(TFDC)免疫疗法。纳入了28名GBM异氯酸盐脱氢酶(IDH)野生型(IDH-WT)的成年患者;给予127次TFDC疫苗注射(4.5±2.6次/患者)。GBM IDH-WT患者的5年生存率(24%)可观,验证了TFDC免疫疗法的临床活性,尤其是针对O 6-甲基鸟氨酸-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)非甲基化GBM(5年生存率:33%)。确定影响了用TFDC免疫疗法处理的GBM IDH -WT中总体生存(OS)的新因素,评估了临床参数,并进行了涉及转录组和外来分析的全面分子分析。MGMT启动子甲基化状态,肿瘤切除程度和疫苗参数(给药频率,直流和肿瘤细胞数以及融合比)与TFDC免疫疗法后的存活无关。老年以及术前和术后Karnofsky绩效状况与OS显着相关。肿瘤细胞中的HLA-A-A表达和缺乏CCDC88A,KRT4,TACC2和TONSL突变的缺乏与更好的预后相关。我们验证了TFDC免疫疗法对GBM IDH -WT的活性,包括化学抗性的MGMT启动子未甲基化病例。在GBM IDH -WT中预测TFDC免疫疗法功效的分子生物标志物的鉴定将促进3期试验中的设计和患者分层,以最大程度地提高治疗益处。
不幸的是,正如联合国儿童基金会告诉我们的那样,“ 2020年,国际移民的数量达到2.81亿;其中3600万是儿童。”由于冲突和政治压迫的增加,我们现在正在支持那些因俄罗斯 - 乌克兰战争而流离失所的孩子,以及在2021年8月塔利班收购该国之后逃离阿富汗的人。我们还看到了父母在香港签证计划下离开香港的孩子,英国政府是为了回应中国议会在2020年对香港施加严厉的安全法而引入的。鉴于威尔士难民人口的人口统计学变化,WSMP决定更新教育工具包,以支持那些刚来威尔士的孩子,以帮助他们将他们包括在我们的社区和我们的学校中,通过消除学习语言习惯的障碍,并认识到他们必须忍受我们的途径和生活变化。