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电网规模固定式储能系统锂离子电池环境生命周期评估的研究空白：报废选择及其他问题
尽管电网规模固定式锂离子电池储能系统的部署正在加速，但这种新型基础设施对环境的影响尚未得到充分研究。迄今为止，已有少量环境生命周期评估 (LCA) 和相关研究审查了相关的环境影响，但它们依赖于各种方法和系统边界，而不是采用一致的方法。关于 LIB 运输应用的大量 LCA 文献包含与固定式 ESS 相关的选定生命周期清单数据，但并未包含固定式系统独有的特征，例如系统材料平衡、运行概况，甚至不同的报废 (EOL) 阶段需求。这篇重要的文献综述调查了现有的电网规模固定式 LIB ESS 研究，并强调了有关综合环境影响的研究差距。为了对 LIB 系统中并网储能的环境影响进行可靠评估，需要对并网 LIB 系统进行进一步专门分析 - 除了生产阶段之外，还涵盖使用阶段（电池操作）和 EOL。例如，到目前为止，系统地评估储能系统运行的后续影响的研究一直集中在能源套利和频率调节应用上。未来的工作还应考虑 ESS 提供其他电网服务的影响。虽然固定式 LIB ESS 的 EOL 成本和影响是电网规模 ESS 的潜在资产所有者和关键用户（如电力公司和项目开发商）的重要考虑因素，但文献中尚未涉及这些问题。© 2019 作者。由 Elsevier BV 出版这是一篇根据 CC BY-NC-ND 许可协议开放获取的文章（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）。
Wyalusing Energy Center -DEP
4.1 FEDERAL AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS.................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources ............................................. 4-1 4.1.2 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants ........................................ 4-4 4.1.3 Non-Attainment New Source Review .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................合规性保证监控................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.1.7 Cross-State Air Pollution (CSAPR) Requirements ....................................................... 4-6 4.2 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 4-6 4.2.1 Chapter 122 – National Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources ........ 4-7 4.2.2 Chapter 123 – Standards for Contaminants ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.2.3第124章 - 国家危险空气污染物的国家发射标准......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.2.5第4-8 4.2.5章129 - 第129章 - 来源的标准 - 源 Reduction ......................................... 4-10
六翼型复合莱西娜·s.
Stationary Combustion kgCO2e Share of total emissions Fuel use in production 62,285.0 0.1% Transport Fuel Combustion kgCO2e Fuel use by business travel in company cars 11,221.1 0.0% Scope 1 emissions 73,506.2 0.1% Scope 1 emissions offset - 74,000.0 -0.1% Scope 1 total emissions 0.0 0.0%
“通过突破性化学解锁电气”
来源：•铅酸-https：//straitsresearch.com/report/lead-acid-battery-market＃：〜：text = text = market％20 Overview，USD％2048.3％20亿％20亿％20in％202022。• E-mobility - https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/e-bike-battery-pack-market/market-size • Stationary Storage- https://www.insightaceanalytic.com/report/stationary-energy-storage-市场/1668＃：〜：text =％20GLOBAL％20STATICARY％20 Energy％20Storage，预测％20Period％20 for％202024％2D2 031。
能源存储的燃料电池技术
• Power stationary or mobile platforms • Can enable lunar night survival • Requires pure O 2 (no ambient air) • Low gravity not anticipated to complicate product water separation • Very few viable electrolyte chemistries • Very limited viable fuel options • Operational life primary design requirement • Maintenance primary design constraint • Thermal Management and Dust mitigation require additional work
循环经济（废物恢复税）...
"waste co-incineration plant" means any stationary or mobile technical unit whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products and which uses waste as a regular or additional fuel or in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal through the incineration by oxidation of waste as well as other thermal treatment processes, such as pyrolysis, gasification or plasma process, if the substances resulting from the treatment are subsequently incinerated;
建筑物公告2020-023-分区
该公告建立了将固定储物电池系统和固定燃油电源系统分类为附件用途的标准，并概述了此类系统的归档程序。固定储物电池系统和固定燃油电源系统在满足分区分辨率中的附件使用的定义时，必须是单个分区内主要用途的附件。为了建立固定储物电池系统和固定燃油电源系统作为附件的用途，尺寸，位置，电池系统的能量存储能力以及燃油电源电源系统的能源产生能力，应设计为使用此类用途。本公告未解决专门设计和用于紧急，备用或不间断的电源的储物电池系统的设计，安装，操作和维护。II。 要求II。要求
不是2060-碳评估报告
选择了受试者，它代表了WRI GHG协议方法的冠状油的操作控制边界。The boundary is summarised as follows: • Scope 1 emissions: Combustion of gas, Combustion of fuel (stationary & mobile), Refrigerant leakage • Scope 2 emissions: Purchased electricity & heat (location based) • Scope 3 emissions: Purchased Goods & services, Capital goods, Well-to-tank & Transmission & distribution losses, Upstream transportation & distribution, Business travel, employee commuting, excluded scope 3 emissions are与：上游和下游租赁资产相关的。使用已出售产品的使用，加工和租赁产品的终止处理。特许经营和投资