↑𝑧 ′ → ↑𝑀𝑃 𝐾 ′ → ↑𝐼 𝑑 ↑𝑧 ′ → ↑𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒→↑𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒−𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ→↑𝐶 𝑑 →↑𝒀 𝒅 Increase in future income because your wage depends on how productive you are Increase in life time wealth because of permanent income hypothesis Consumption smoothing increases consumption demand 𝑌 𝑠 shifts more than 𝑌 𝑑 because假设(当前收入>未来收入,消费平滑节省的节省,↓r)↓𝑟→↓𝑵→劳动的跨暂时性代替劳动↑𝑌,↓𝑟→↑𝑴𝑴𝒅键较少,对金钱的需求降低了,需求增加,因为金钱的需求增加了,因为♦↓R,↑𝑧 𝑧'