在过去的几十年中,已经采用了许多技术来量化微生物生态学中环境样本或合成群落中特定微生物的种群大小或微生物群。这些包括但不限于直接荧光显微镜(EFM)(Caron,1983; Kepner&Pratt,1994),流动细胞仪(FCM)(FCM)(Deng等,2019; Frossard et al。,2012; Frossard等,2016; Frossard等,2016),dell。 2003), catalyzed reporter deposition-FISH (CARD-FISH, (Eickhorst & Tippkotter, 2008; Schippers et al., 2005), phospholipid quanti- fication (Phospholipid-derived fatty acids, PLFAs) (Frostegard et al., 1991; White et al., 1979), and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (Brankatschk等,2012; Han等,2020; Han等,2016; Hartmann等,2014; Smith&Osborn,2009)