• High-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer • Cancer that is no longer responding to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy • Cancer that started in the bladder and has not spread (this is called carcinoma in situ or CIS) • Cancer with or without slender, finger-like tumor growths (papillary tumors) growing into the bladder space, away from the bladder wall