图1：o rbit -Surgical Simulation基准测试任务。(1) Reach : dVRK Patient Side Manipulator (PSM) to reach a desired position (red sphere), (2) Reach with Obstacles : reach to a desired position (red sphere) with randomly placed obstacle in the scene (blue sphere object; object shape and size are customizable), (3) Suture Needle Lift : lift a suture needle to a desired position, (4) Peg Block Lift : lift a peg block to a desired position, (5) Pick and Place : pick and place a ring on a peg tower, (6) Dual-arm Reach : dual-arm reach to specific desired positions shown with red sphere, (7) Dual-arm Reach with Obstacles : dual-arm reach to specific desired positions (red sphere) with randomly placed obstacles in the scene, (8) Pick and Transfer : pick and transfer a peg block, (9) Needle Handover : handover and regrasp a suture needle, (10) Threaded Needle Pass Ring : handover a threaded suture needle through a ring pole, (11) Gauze Cloth Pick : retrieve gauze and lift it to a desired location, (12) Shunt Insertion : insert a shunt (yellow tube) into larger blood vessel phantom (clear tube), (13) Multi-arm dVRK : needle handover task with camera input from the dVRK Endoscopic Camera Manipulator （ECM），（14）星际范围：星臂达到所需位置。最佳观看的颜色。请参阅orbit-surgical.github.io